Mapping the distribution of mercury (II) chloride in zebrafish organs by benchtop micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence: A proof of concept

Analysis of Zebrafish contamination with heavy metals using a FF-XRF imaging system based on a MPGD

“…If the energy ranges of these elements are selected, the corresponding distribution maps are obtained. The distribution of calcium is observed to be uniform over the fish body, being the main constituent of the skeleton and fins, and zinc showed the highest concentration in the eye area, as reported in other works [14,15]. As for manganese, it is possible to see its accumulation in a small area of the visceral region, which is validated by the mapping obtained with the M4 TORNADO spectrometer, shown in Fig.…”

“…Bilo et al [13] studied the accumulation of lead and zinc in Zebrafish embryos using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), concluding that XRF analysis was advantageous in determining bioaccumulation and that its application in small-sized organisms might be useful. Korbas et al [14], using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping, examined the uptake and localization of mercury in Zebrafish larvae, and Leitão et al [15] used the micro EDXRF technique (μ-EDXRF) to map the distribution of Hg and other trace elements to assess toxicity and bioaccumulation in adult Zebrafish organs.…”

Quantitative mapping of mercury and selenium in mushroom fruit bodies with laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

“…Several papers report efforts to elucidate the spatial distribution of Hg with LA-ICP-MS using simple line scans on samples like hair [22], dorsal spine of fish [23], or turtle carapace [24], to reveal variations in exposure to this heavy metal over time. X-ray spectroscopic techniques have been employed to investigate Hg uptake and its 2-dimensional distribution in plants [25], fish [26], and whale brains [27]. LA-ICP-MS mapping experiments focusing on Hg have been reported as well, e.g., analyzing thin sections of plants [28,29], fruit flies [30], glass eels [31], rodent tissues [32], eagle liver tissue [33], and human soft tissues [34].…”