Mapping the Distribution of DDT Residues as DDE in the Soils of the Irrigated Regions of Northern New South Wales, Australia Using ELISA and GIS

Shivaramaiah, H. M.; Odeh, Inakwu O. A.; Kennedy, Ivan R.; Skerritt, John H.

doi:10.1021/jf011542i

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The origin and fate of OCPs in soils with different land use have been extensively studied in many countries. Although the usage of OCPs was phased out for decades, the elevated concentrations were still observed in many agricultural soils (Szeto and Price, 1991;Harris et al, 2000) and the relationship between sites of greatest application and current residue levels was found strong (Shivaramaiah et al, 2002). The release of OCPs from soils continues to be a source to the environment (Munn and Gruber, 1997;Meijer et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine pesticides (DDTs and HCHs) in soils from the outskirts of Beijing, China

et al. 2005

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine pesticides (DDTs and HCHs) in soils from the outskirts of Beijing, China

et al. 2005

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“…Australia is a continent of unique isolation and biodiversity, where a rich agricultural heritage has seen widespread use of pesticides, notably persistent organic compounds such as dieldrin and DDT (Kausik 1991). Although use of these compounds has now been banned in that country (Shivaramaiah et al 2002), background exposure of parasite populations to bioaccumulative compounds creates uncertainty around how such populations might respond over time to novel parasiticides, particularly where non-specific metabolic resistance mechanisms are possible. Superimposed on this is the high degree of treatment compliance seen in Australian pet owners (Schantz 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Field Susceptibility to Imidacloprid in the Cat Flea: A World-First Initiative Twelve Years on

et al. 2013

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In 2001, an international surveillance initiative was established, utilising a validated larval development inhibition assay to track the susceptibility of cat flea isolates to imidacloprid. In 2009, an Australian node was incorporated into the programme, joining laboratories in the United States and Europe. Field isolates of Ctenocephalides felis eggs were submitted to participating laboratories and, where egg quantity and quality was sufficient, were placed in the imidacloprid discriminating dose bioassay for evaluation. Between 2002 and 2012, a total of 2,307 cat flea isolates were received across all sites; 1,685 submissions (73 %) were suitable for placement into the bioassay. In the Northern Hemisphere, isolate submission rate was influenced by season, with highest numbers submitted S48Ectopar asitEs between June and October. In Australia, pets with flea infestations could be sourced yearround, and submission rate was largely influenced by programme factors and not climate. A total of 1,367 valid assays were performed between 2002 and 2012 (assay validity data was not recorded in 2001); adult flea emergence 5 % or greater at 3 ppm imidacloprid was observed in 38 of these assays (2.8 %). For these isolates that reached the threshold for further investigation, re-conduct of the assay using either a repeat challenge dose of 3 ppm of imidacloprid or a dose response probit analysis confirmed their susceptibility to imidacloprid. From 2009 to 2012, the Australian node performed valid assays on 97 field isolates from a total of 136 submissions, with no adult emergence observed at the 3-ppm imidacloprid discriminating dose. In addition to reviewing the data generated by this twelve-year initiative, this paper discusses lessons learned from the coordination and evolution of a complex project across geographically dispersed laboratories on three continents.

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“…Agrochemicals that bioaccumulate should not be considered for registration in the first place, given the problems they cause, as the dark history of organochlorines and chlorfluazuron insecticides has demonstrated. Such chemicals are still present in agricultural soils [89] and are being transferred to animal tissues [90][91][92].…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of ecological risks of agrochemicals requires a new framework.

Bayo¹,

Tennekes²

2017

Environ Risk Assess Remediat

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The widespread contamination of a significant proportion of the planet's land and water with pesticides is undeniable. While this takes place, innumerable species of animals associated with agricultural landscapes are declining at rates that may put them on the brink to extinction in the span of a lifetime. It is evident, therefore, that our current risk assessment of agrochemicals has failed to protect the environment. A new framework is proposed here that combines the mandatory introduction of new toxicity endpoints with a more logical assessment of risks within the existing tiered approach. Chronic toxicity tests designed to detect time-cumulative effects should be a requirement for assessing delayed mortality as well as population endpoints that are crucial for the recovery and survival of species, such as fecundity. Exposure assessments should ensure that field monitoring data integrate both the highest and average levels of residues, as the former levels determine the main ecological impacts. The first tier of the risk assessment should comprise an evaluation of short-term mortality (as currently done by a hazard quotient on acute toxicity) and of the lethality after chronic exposure to sublethal levels. Chemicals that pass this tier should be assessed in a second tier whereby the crucial population endpoints are evaluated. Unless there is evidence of recovery with no negative effects on reproduction of the species tested, a chemical should not be registered. Further tiers of assessment, including sublethal effects, community effects tested in model ecosystems (i.e. microcosms, mesocoms) and field trials can still be used as supporting evidence, as it is currently done. AbstractAssessment of ecological risks of agrochemicals requires a new framework.

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Mapping the Distribution of DDT Residues as DDE in the Soils of the Irrigated Regions of Northern New South Wales, Australia Using ELISA and GIS

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Organochlorine pesticides (DDTs and HCHs) in soils from the outskirts of Beijing, China

Organochlorine pesticides (DDTs and HCHs) in soils from the outskirts of Beijing, China

Monitoring Field Susceptibility to Imidacloprid in the Cat Flea: A World-First Initiative Twelve Years on

Assessment of ecological risks of agrochemicals requires a new framework.

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