Mapping the directional emission of quasi-two-dimensional photonic crystals of semiconductor nanowires using Fourier microscopy

Fontana, Yannik; Grzela, Grzegorz; Bakkers, Erik P. A. M.; Rivas, Jaime Gómez

doi:10.1103/physrevb.86.245303

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As such, it nicely complements other low-loss approaches involving advanced semiconductor photonic crystals and leaky wave antenna structures to control spectral and angular emission properties. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Directional emission with the help of nanometallic antennas has been analyzed theoretically in great detail and was demonstrated experimentally at optical frequencies. [28][29][30][31][32][33] For semiconductor antennas, however, directional emission exploiting Mie resonances has been limited to theoretical proposals 16,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] or experiments in the microwave regime.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Mie resonators for highly directional light emission from monolayer MoS2

et al. 2018

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Controlling light emission from quantum emitters has important applications ranging from solid-state lighting and displays to nanoscale single-photon sources. Optical antennas have emerged as promising tools to achieve such control right at the location of the emitter, without the need for bulky, external optics. Semiconductor nanoantennas are particularly practical for this purpose because simple geometries, such as wires and spheres, support multiple, degenerate optical resonances. Here, we start by modifying Mie scattering theory developed for plane wave illumination to describe scattering of dipole emission. We then use this theory and experiments to demonstrate several pathways to achieve control over the directionality, polarization state, and spectral emission that rely on a coherent coupling of an emitting dipole to optical resonances of a Si nanowire. A forward-to-backward ratio of 20 was demonstrated for the electric dipole emission at 680 nm from a monolayer MoS 2 by optically coupling it to a Si nanowire. Main text:Achieving control over the radiation properties of quantum emitters is key to improving efficiency and realizing new functionality in optoelectronic systems. Bulky optical components have been developed for many years and are extremely effective in controlling the angular, polarization, and spectral properties of light emission. Recent advances in the fields of metallic and dielectric optical metamaterials and nanoantennas have now also enabled effective integration of solid-state emitters and control elements into inexpensive platforms. 1-3 Such structures can manipulate light emission in the near-field of an emitter and thus hold a real promise to achieve even greater control over the emission process. For example, we will show how the undesired losses due to radiation of quantum emitters into a high-index substrate can be reduced by redirecting the emission upward with an antenna.Whereas structures based on noble metals are currently most advanced in manipulating light-matter interaction at the nanoscale, they typically are complex in shape, display undesired optical losses, and are not compatible with most semiconductor device processing technologies. High-index semiconductor antennas can circumvent these issues while providing complex electrical and optical functions. 2,4-14 Based on the mature fabrication infrastructure, silicon nanostructures appear particularly promising for optoelectronic applications. 4,[9][10][11][12][15][16][17] Semiconductor nanoparticles of simple geometric shapes have displayed directional scattering of plane waves when the renowned Kerker conditions are satisfied. 12,16,18 When these conditions are met, directionality is naturally achieved through the coherent excitation of electric and magnetic dipole resonances in the particle and tuning the interference of the associated scattered fields. 12,19,20 Thanks to their high refractive indices, semiconductor nanoparticles can satisfy the Kerker conditions in the visible spectral range. 16,18,21 Given the ever-in...

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Mie resonators for highly directional light emission from monolayer MoS2

et al. 2018

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“…Fourier imaging has been applied, for instance, to image the radiation pattern of single emitters to determine their dipole moment 21 22 and to map the directivity optical antennas impart to emitters 30 36 37 38 . Fourier microscopes have been also used in scattering experiments on single nanostructures 39 and nanostructure arrays 40 41 42 43 . The back focal plane in a Fourier microscope retains full information regarding momentum, but also in other degrees of freedom such as energy (frequency) and polarization.…”

Section: K-space Polarimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

K-space polarimetry of bullseye plasmon antennas

Osorio

Mohtashami

Koenderink

2015

Sci Rep

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Surface plasmon resonators can drastically redistribute incident light over different output wave vectors and polarizations. This can lead for instance to sub-diffraction sized nanoapertures in metal films that beam and to nanoparticle antennas that enable efficient conversion of photons between spatial modes, or helicity channels. We present a polarimetric Fourier microscope as a new experimental tool to completely characterize the angle-dependent polarization-resolved scattering of single nanostructures. Polarimetry allows determining the full Stokes parameters from just six Fourier images. The degree of polarization and the polarization ellipse are measured for each scattering direction collected by a high NA objective. We showcase the method on plasmonic bullseye antennas in a metal film, which are known to beam light efficiently. We find rich results for the polarization state of the beamed light, including complete conversion of input polarization from linear to circular and from one helicity to another. In addition to uncovering new physics for plasmonic groove antennas, the described technique projects to have a large impact in nanophotonics, in particular towards the investigation of a broad range of phenomena ranging from photon spin Hall effects, polarization to orbital angular momentum transfer and design of plasmon antennas.

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“…1,2 This technique, referred to as k-space or Fourier-space optical microscopy, is increasingly used by researchers, especially for the study of periodic nanoparticle arrays. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Periodic arrays of metallic nanoparticles on transparent substrates and their complementary structures, i.e., periodic nanohole arrays etched in metallic layers, have been widely studied for their unique optical properties. 9 These properties include the existence of spectrally sharp collective optical resonances, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] the ability to control spontaneous emission, [18][19][20][21] the ability to disperse 22 and focus light, 23,24 the ability to support lasing, 25,26 and the extraordinary transmission of light through nanohole arrays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

k-space optical microscopy of nanoparticle arrays: Opportunities and artifacts

Bryche

Barbillon

Bartenlian

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Physics

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We report on the performance and inherent artifacts of k-space optical microscopy for the study of periodic arrays of nanoparticles under the various illumination configurations available on an inverted optical microscope. We focus on the origin of these artifacts and the ways to overcome or even benefit from them. In particular, a recently reported artifact, called the "condenser effect," is demonstrated here in a new way. The consequences of this artifact (which is due to spurious reflections in the objective) on Fourier-space imaging and spectroscopic measurements are analyzed in detail. The advantages of using k-space optical microscopy to determine the optical band structure of plasmonic arrays and to perform surface plasmon resonance experiments are demonstrated. Potential applications of k-space imaging for the accurate lateral and axial positioning of the sample in optical microscopy are investigated.

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Mapping the directional emission of quasi-two-dimensional photonic crystals of semiconductor nanowires using Fourier microscopy

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Silicon Mie resonators for highly directional light emission from monolayer MoS2

Silicon Mie resonators for highly directional light emission from monolayer MoS2

K-space polarimetry of bullseye plasmon antennas

k-space optical microscopy of nanoparticle arrays: Opportunities and artifacts

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