Mapping the compactum locus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its relationship to other spike morphology genes of the Triticeae

Johnson, Emily B.; Nalam, Vamsi J.; Zemetra, Robert S.; Riera‐Lizarazu, Oscar

doi:10.1007/s10681-007-9628-7

Cited by 75 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Homologs of HvAP2 are known in rice and maize, and recently a putative ortholog in wheat, TaAP2 (Fig S2), has been shown to be cleaved by miR172 (27). A dominant compact spike locus, COMPACTUM, is located on wheat chromosome 2D, but previous studies have indicated that this locus is not orthologous to ZEO (26). In agreement, we failed to identify mutations in the miR172-binding site from a range of COMPACTUM wheat cultivars.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…S2). In wheat, two loci associated with spike density, COMPACTUM (C) and SOFT OUTER GLUME (SOG), map to the group 2 chromosomes (26). We explored whether mutations in the miR172-binding site of TaAP2 were responsible for the COMPACTUM phenotype.…”

Section: Reduced Mirna-guided Cleavage Results In Heterochrony and Shmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spikes were harvested from WT and Zeo1.b plants at 12,18,22,26,31, and 36 dpg. Tissue was fixed and processed for scanning electron microscopy as described previously (8).…”

Section: Bowmanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in the interaction between alleles of HvAPETALA2 and microRNA172 determines the density of grains on the barley inflorescence

Houston

McKim

Comadran

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

121

108

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Within the cereal grasses, variation in inflorescence architecture results in a conspicuous morphological diversity that in crop species influences the yield of cereal grains. Although significant progress has been made in identifying some of the genes underlying this variation in maize and rice, in the temperate cereals, a group that includes wheat, barley, and rye, only the dosagedependent and highly pleiotropic Q locus in hexaploid wheat has been molecularly characterized. Here we show that the characteristic variation in the density of grains along the inflorescence, or spike, of modern cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare) is largely the consequence of a perturbed interaction between microRNA172 and its corresponding binding site in the mRNA of an APELATA2 (AP2)-like transcription factor, HvAP2. We used genome-wide association and biparental mapping to identify HvAP2. By comparing inflorescence development and HvAP2 transcript abundance in an extreme dense-spike mutant and its nearly isogenic WT line, we show that HvAP2 turnover driven by microRNA 172 regulates the length of a critical developmental window that is required for elongation of the inflorescence internodes. Our data indicate that this heterochronic change, an altered timing of developmental events caused by specific temporal variation in the efficiency of HvAP2 turnover, leads to the striking differences in the size and shape of the barley spike.genome wide association scan | heterochrony T he cereal grasses are the world's most economically, sociologically, and ecologically important crops (1). Within and between species, variation in inflorescence architecture results in striking and characteristic morphological diversity. Dissecting the mechanisms and processes underpinning this diversity is central to understanding both its origin and evolution and how it can be harnessed for knowledge-based crop improvement. In maize and rice, a considerable body of work has begun to dissect the genes and gene networks controlling aspects of inflorescence development (e.g., refs. 2-5). However, within the Triticeae cereals, a group that includes some of the world's most important human foods, only Q, a highly pleiotropic gene that influences a broad range of phenotypic characters including inflorescence compactness, fragility, and free-threshing (6), and genes that determine the development of an extra floret on the lemma (7), additional glumes (8), the number of grains on the inflorescence (9), and floret fertility (10) have been molecularly characterized.Barley is a diploid inbreeding crop species and a model for other, genetically more complex temperate cereal species such as durum and bread wheats and rye. The barley inflorescence forms a terminal spike that bears reproductive units called "spikelets." Three spikelets initiate at each alternating node of the spike's central stem or rachis. Each spikelet forms a single floret that can develop into a kernel of grain. Several loci have been shown to affect spike density in barley (11), including dense spike...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Reduced Mirna-guided Cleavage Results In Heterochrony and Shmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Variation in the interaction between alleles of HvAPETALA2 and microRNA172 determines the density of grains on the barley inflorescence

Houston

McKim

Comadran

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

121

108

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“…Three main genes/loci are involved in spike shape control in wheat species: Q, C, C2 (Unrau, 1950;Rao, 1972;Goncharov and Gaidalenok, 2005;Simons et al, 2006;Johnson et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2011;Sormacheva et al, 2015) ( Table 1). The alleles of 5AQ gene, which determines the normal and spelt spike shape in different wheat species, are described above.…”

Section: Dobrovolskaya Et Al 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutation giving rise to the dominant allele C resulted in the origin of club wheat, thus the investigation of this gene is important for the taxonomy of wheat species (Johnson et al, 2008). C2 gene controlling the compact spike characteristic in T. sphaerococcum is not allelic to gene C of T. compactum (Goncharov and Gaidalenok, 2005).…”

Section: Dobrovolskaya Et Al 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spike Morphology Genes in Wheat Species (TriticumL.)

Konopatskaia

Vavilova

Блинов

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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Contributed by Nikolay P. GoncharovThe review examines the state of knowledge on genes that control the architectonics of wheat plant (spike morphology). It is shown that molecular genetic studies, which have been recently started, allow to find both the orthologous genes from relative species of wheat (barley, rye, etc.) and genes that were not previously used for breeding. Use of these genes for further breeding allows to produce modern wheat commercial cultivars. Key words: spike morphology, plant architecture, gene, wheat species, Triticum. per, we present current knowledge of the agronomically important spike morphology traits in wheat (subtribe Frumentaceae Dum., tribe Triticeae) and explore some of the recent findings in the area of identification of the genes underlying the spike morphology traits. SPIKE MORPHOLOGY TRAITS IN WHEAT SPECIESThe spike is one of the most important parts of a wheat plant. It includes the reproductive organs, produces the seeds, and ensures dispersal of the mature grains. Spike morphology greatly affects breeding, harvest procedures and the yield. Spikes of wheat species differ in several morphological characteristics, including threshability, the presence or absence of awns, spike shape, spike shattering, spike branching and supernumerary spikelets spike (Fig. 1).Threshability. Easy threshing ability is mainly dependent on the tenacity of the glumes covering the grains. The wild species possess hulled grains (syn. non free-threshing), which are covered by a tough glume that remains adhered to the grain after the threshing (Dorofeev and Korovina, 1979). Naked or free-threshing seeds of cultivated wheat species are rounded by soft glumes which release during threshing ( Fig. 1). Wheat varieties with free-threshing seeds appeared during domestication and significantly advanced the efficiency of the threshing process and led to wheat becoming a major crop all over the world (Zhang et al., 2011).The presence or absence of awns. Awns are the threadlike extensions of the lemma. They have photosynthetic function, increase the assimilation of water, and may promote high yield of wheat grown under water-limited conditions (Reynolds and Tuberosa, 2008;Maydup et al., 2010) (Fig. 1). Several comparative studies of the grain yield advantage in awned and awnless lines gave conflicting results. The comprehensive investigation of Rebetzke et al. (2016) showed that awned near-isogenic lines are characterised by slightly greater grain yield due to increased kernel size and reduced screening. It was also demonstrated that awnless wheats with acceptable yield and quality have provide advantage in more favourable environments and future changing climates.In diploid wheat species T. urartu Thum. ex Gandil., T. monococcum, and T. boeoticum Boiss., only awned spikes have been identified to date, but only T. sinskajae A. Filat. et Kurk. has awnless spikes (Dorofeev and Korovina, 1979). Among tetraploid wheat species, all except T. aethiopicum Jakubz. awnless forms were obtained by hybridisation wit...

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An image‐based methodology to evaluate oat panicle architecture

2023

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Panicle size and architecture are traits of major relevance for oat production as they play a key role in conditioning the potential number of grains per spikelet and in consequence grain shape, size, and distribution. The aim of this research was to propose an image-based strategy and methodology to evaluate oat panicles. Specifically, the goals were to create and deploy the foundations for a high-throughput methodology to phenotype oat panicles and to determine the optimum number of panicles needed to detect differences between genotypic means for oat panicle traits with high power. A total of 48 genotypes were evaluated in four field experiments with three true replications in two locations and 2 years. Ten panicles per experimental unit were harvested and evaluated with image analysis using MATLAB. Panicle length, width, aspect ratio, compactness, and digital biomass were obtained from the images. The heritability of all panicle traits was high between 0.76 and 0.93. A high power of 0.80 to detect significant differences at an alpha of 0.05 among genotypic means for all panicle architecture traits was reached with the use of six panicles per replication. Our results showed a highly efficient and powerful strategy to study panicle architecture in oat. This methodology could be scaled-up to efficiently phenotype large populations and provide the basis for understanding panicle architecture and grain morphology in oat.

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Mapping the compactum locus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its relationship to other spike morphology genes of the Triticeae

Cited by 75 publications

References 32 publications

Variation in the interaction between alleles of HvAPETALA2 and microRNA172 determines the density of grains on the barley inflorescence

Variation in the interaction between alleles of HvAPETALA2 and microRNA172 determines the density of grains on the barley inflorescence

Spike Morphology Genes in Wheat Species (TriticumL.)

An image‐based methodology to evaluate oat panicle architecture

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