Mapping the Class Ceiling: The Social Class Disadvantage for Attaining Management Positions

Ingram, Paul; Oh, Jean Joohyun

doi:10.5465/amd.2020.0030

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Even with similar education, those from upper-class backgrounds tend to obtain higher leadership positions than their peers from lower classes (Lee et al , 2021). However, the specific strength of the link between social class and obtaining a management position depends on contextual factors such as a culture of individualism or the gross domestic product (GDP) (Ingram and Oh, 2022).…”

Section: Intersectional Situatedness and Gender-in-leadershipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feminist futures in gender-in-leadership research: self-reflexive approximations to intersectional situatedness

Rodríguez

Guenther²,

Faiz³

2022

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Purpose This paper introduces intersectional situatedness to develop inclusive analyses of leadership. Intersectional situatedness recognises the contextual and situated nature of experiences and their interaction with socially constructed categories of difference. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on memory work by three feminist academics who situate their understandings and experiences of leadership as part of socio-historical contexts. Findings Understandings and experiences of leadership are multifaceted and benefit from being examined in their intersectional situatedness. This way, the simultaneity of visible and invisible disadvantage and privilege, which accumulate, shift and get reconfigured across the life course and are based on particular intersectional identity invocations, can be integrated into narratives about leadership. Research limitations/implications Interrogating gender-in-leadership adopting an intersectional situatedness helps to advance the field by embedding the recognition, problematisation and theorisation of situated difference as critical to understand leadership, its meaning and its practice in management and organisations. Practical implications In embedding intersectional situatedness in the analysis of leadership, more inclusive understandings of leadership are qualified that recognise differences positively and support changing the narratives around the meaning of “leader” and “good leadership”. Social implications Intersectional situatedness helps to identify tangible ways to see how inequalities impact women’s career progression to leadership and enable more nuanced conversations about privilege and disadvantage to advance feminist social justice agendas. Originality/value The paper reveals the narrow and restricted understandings of leadership and how this influences who is regarded as a legitimate leader. In addition, it adopts a methodology that is not commonly used in gender-in-leadership research.

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Section: Intersectional Situatedness and Gender-in-leadershipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feminist futures in gender-in-leadership research: self-reflexive approximations to intersectional situatedness

Rodríguez

Guenther²,

Faiz³

2022

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“…As such, the objective access to material wealth and their subjective perceptions of socioeconomic status form the social class individuals are born into or acquire over time (Adler et al 2000 ; Kraus et al 2009 ; Côté 2011 ). 2 Individuals from lower social class backgrounds earn less compared to their colleagues in the same position (Laurison and Friedman 2016 ) and face additional barriers to climbing the career ladder (Pitesa and Pillutla 2019 ; Ingram and Oh 2022 ). At the same time, individuals transitioning from working-class backgrounds bring unique strengths to organizations such as bridging cultural differences and being empathic leaders (Martin et al 2016 ; Martin and Côté 2019 ).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status and entrepreneurial networking responses to the COVID-19 crisis

2022

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Networks play a vital role for entrepreneurs in overcoming crises. The most vulnerable to crises are those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. However, we know less about the role of socioeconomic status in entrepreneurial networking. This study investigates whom entrepreneurs call in case of emergency. We develop hypotheses on how entrepreneurs’ socioeconomic status influences models of networking agency in situations of economic threat. The results of a pre-registered randomized experiment in the COVID-19 context conducted with 122 entrepreneurs from the US indicate that entrepreneurs in higher socioeconomic status positions activate contacts to serve their own goals (i.e., independent networking agency) when facing an economic threat. In contrast, and counter-intuitively, entrepreneurs of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to support others when facing an economic threat (i.e., interdependent networking agency). Exploring the evolving network structure, our explorative post-hoc analyses suggest that entrepreneurs activate closer networks (i.e., higher density and stronger ties) under threat. The study discusses the implications of these findings for the theory of entrepreneurial networking in general and network responses to crises in particular.

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“…Recently scholars have deepened this literature on class-origin pay gaps by investigating the mechanisms underlying this inequality. Here most have begun with the observation that class-origin income gaps are not necessarily driven by those from working-class backgrounds earning less for doing the same work (that is, for doing jobs at the same level, same company and same department) but more that they are less likely reach the most senior or lucrative positions-i.e., they face a 'class ceiling' (Toft, 2019;Toft and Friedman, 2020;Ingram and Joohyun, 2022).…”

Section: The Long Shadow Of Class Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Professions and inequality: Challenges, controversies, and opportunities

Ashley

Boussebaa

Friedman

et al. 2022

Journal of Professions and Organization

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On the basis of the EGOS 2021 sub-plenary on ‘Professions and Inequality: Challenges, Controversies, and Opportunities’, the presenters and panellists wrote four short essays on the relationship between inequality as a grand challenge and professional occupations and organizations, their structures, practices, and strategies. Individually, these essays take an inquisitorial stance on extant understandings of (1) how professions may exacerbate existing inequalities and (2) how professions can be part of the solution and help tackle inequality as a grand challenge. Taken together, the discussion forum aims at advancing scholarly debates on inequality by showing how professions’ scholarship may critically interrogate extant understandings of inequality as a broad, multifaceted concept, whilst providing fruitful directions for research on inequality, their potential solutions, and the role and responsibilities of organization and management scholars.

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Mapping the Class Ceiling: The Social Class Disadvantage for Attaining Management Positions

Cited by 24 publications

References 48 publications

Feminist futures in gender-in-leadership research: self-reflexive approximations to intersectional situatedness

Feminist futures in gender-in-leadership research: self-reflexive approximations to intersectional situatedness

Socioeconomic status and entrepreneurial networking responses to the COVID-19 crisis

Professions and inequality: Challenges, controversies, and opportunities

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