Mapping the Celebrity Endorsement of Branded Food and Beverage Products and Marketing Campaigns in the United States, 1990–2017

Zhou, Mi; Rajamohan, Srijith; Hedrick, Valisa E.; Patiño, Sofía Rincón-Gallardo; Abidi, Faiz; Polys, Nicholas F.; Kraak, Vivica

doi:10.3390/ijerph16193743

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Almost a half (42.2%) of these products featured at least one professional athlete and 34% of these products were targeted to children 55 . Zhou et al 56 conducted a comprehensive review of US celebrity endorsements for food and beverage products and brands between 2000 and 2017. This review found that 542 celebrities were involved in 732 endorsements representing 120 food and beverage brands that owned by 59 companies and non‐profit organizations 56 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57 The American Heart Association stated that sports drinks could contain double the amount of added sugars intake (25 g or 12 teaspoons/day) recommended for children and teens. 59 60 Zhou et al 56 also found that over two thirds (67.4%) of entertainers endorsed highly processed food and beverage products.…”

Section: Rq2: Trends and Practices For Celebrity Endorsement Used Imentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Zhouet al56 conducted a comprehensive review of US celebrity endorsements for food and beverage products and brands between 2000 and 2017. This review found that 542 celebrities were involved in 732 endorsements representing 120 food and beverage brands that owned by 59 companies and non-profit organizations 56. Two thirds (67.2%) of the endorsed brands represented highly processed products that did not align with the USDA's Smart Snacks Standards, and around two thirds (65.7%) of endorsements involved athletes supporting unhealthy foods 56.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An accountability evaluation for the responsible use of celebrity endorsement by the food and beverage industry to promote healthy food environments for young Americans: A narrative review to inform obesity prevention policy

et al. 2020

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Research has shown that celebrity endorsement is a marketing strategy primarily used to promote highly processed food and beverage products to children and adolescents, which negatively influences their diet quality and increases their risks of obesity. This study conducted an accountability evaluation to examine government, expert, and industry policies, guidelines, recommendations, and practices regarding using celebrity endorsement to support healthy marketing environment for young Americans. This study used the National Academy of Medicine's LEAD principles (i.e., locate, evaluate, and assemble evidence to inform decisions) to identify and synthesize relevant evidence between January 2000 and December 2019. We categorized the evidence in a five-step accountability framework and assigned each step a progress score (i.e., none, limited, some, and extensive). The findings showed that the US government made no progress to appoint an independent empowered body to evaluate celebrity endorsement practices. Stakeholders made some progress to take and hold industry and government to account and limited progress to share the account and to strengthen accountability structures. We suggest actions for diverse stakeholders to substantially strengthen accountability structures to ensure that celebrity endorsement is used to promote only healthy food environments to reduce obesity risks for young Americans. K E Y W O R D S accountability, celebrity endorsement, food and beverage products, food environments, obesity, policies and actions 1 | INTRODUCTION Obesity is a worldwide pandemic with rates that have nearly tripled since 1975. 1 In 2016, about 41 million children under 5 years of age and over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 years were affected by overweight or obesity. 1 The World Obesity Federation has projected that by 2020, 158 million children and adolescents will have obesity that will increase to 254 million by 2030. 2 In the United States (US), 25.4% of children and 21.0% of adolescents had obesity in 2017, and 26.3% and 24.2% of children and adolescents may be affected by obesity by 2030. 2 Robust evidence suggests that food and beverage marketing practices (e.g., print and broadcast media, celebrity endorsement, or interactive social media) negatively influence the dietary behaviors of children (0-11 years), adolescents (12-18 years), and young adults (19-35 years), which increases their risk of obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCD). 3-7

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rq2: Trends and Practices For Celebrity Endorsement Used Imentioning

confidence: 96%

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An accountability evaluation for the responsible use of celebrity endorsement by the food and beverage industry to promote healthy food environments for young Americans: A narrative review to inform obesity prevention policy

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“…Another relevant aspect is the analysis of the use of celebrity endorsements. Football and basketball players are commonly used to attract consumer attention, an advertising strategy that is usually linked to low nutritional value products and is especially effective among children [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Drinks and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Advertising in Spain: Correlation between Nutritional Values and Advertising Discursive Strategies

Blasco

Jiménez-Morales

2020

IJERPH

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Spain ranks fifth among European countries for childhood obesity. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and soft drinks (SDs) are consumed by 81% of the Spanish children weekly. Advertising is one of the factors that contributes to an obesogenic environment. This study correlated longitudinally the nutritional values of SSBs and SDs and advertising discursive strategies between 2013 and 2018 for all media. A mixed-methods approach was applied that included a quantitative analysis of advertising spend data, a content analysis and a study of the discursive strategies used in advertisements. In addition, the Nutri-score system was used in order to determine the nutritional quality of the beverages. The results were analyzed applying the Spanish advertising regulatory framework for obesity prevention. The main findings indicate an association between low nutritional value beverage advertisements and a discourse based on hedonistic elements. In order to prevent childhood obesity in Spain, a stricter regulation of advertising is necessary, especially in aspects such as the language used to present products and celebrity endorsements.

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“…Consumers' exposure to brands through the sponsorship of live events means that the food company becomes part of the consumer's leisure and entertainment moments, encouraging consumers to choose a certain food or drink to consume during the broadcasting in function of what is being advertised. It is also worth mentioning the power of celebrities consuming or endorsing a product to influence the consumer's choice (21) .…”

Section: Implications Of the Food Information Environment In The Covimentioning

confidence: 99%

The COVID-19 pandemic and its implications for the food information environment in Brazil

Rodrigues

Souza

Horta

2020

Public Health Nutr.

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The food information environment includes food advertising disseminated in various media. With the COVID-19 pandemic and the shutdown of schools, universities, non-essential commerce, public leisure areas, bars, restaurants, among others, the food information environment has changed in Brazil. People spending more time at home which led to greater exposure to television (TV) and internet advertising content. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the food production sector has invested in new ways to advertise their products that include advertising messages of support, empathy, and solidarity, as well as social responsibility campaigns looking for self-promotion such as food donation and financial aids. Sponsoring online events promoted by Brazilian musicians on social media was also enhanced during the pandemic and allowed food companies to become part of the consumer’s leisure and entertainment moments. The advertising strategies adopted by the food industry during the COVID-19 pandemic are used to generate market demands, influence the consumer purchase decision, and increase their loyalty to the supplier brands. Consequently, individuals may have been more vulnerable to excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods during this health crisis. This commentary aims to describe the changes in the food information environment during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and propose a pathway to promote a healthier food information environment after this health crisis. Perspectives for promoting a healthier food information environment after the pandemic are also discussed, focusing on regulating food advertising with a shared responsibility between government, the food industry, the academy, and civil society.

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Mapping the Celebrity Endorsement of Branded Food and Beverage Products and Marketing Campaigns in the United States, 1990–2017

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

An accountability evaluation for the responsible use of celebrity endorsement by the food and beverage industry to promote healthy food environments for young Americans: A narrative review to inform obesity prevention policy

An accountability evaluation for the responsible use of celebrity endorsement by the food and beverage industry to promote healthy food environments for young Americans: A narrative review to inform obesity prevention policy

Soft Drinks and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Advertising in Spain: Correlation between Nutritional Values and Advertising Discursive Strategies

The COVID-19 pandemic and its implications for the food information environment in Brazil

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