Mapping Slow Waves by EEG Topography and Source Localization: Effects of Sleep Deprivation

Bersagliere, Alessia; Pascual-Marqui, Roberto D.; Tarokh, Leila; Achermann, Peter

doi:10.1007/s10548-017-0595-6

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Consistent with this, the occipital cortex, relative to other cortical areas, shows the smallest changes in SWA at NREM-REM sleep transitions (De Gennaro et al, 2002;Ferrara and De Gennaro, 2011). The relatively low frequency of occipital REM slow waves (Ͻ2 Hz) is consistent with the recent observation of a lower frequency of occipital NREM slow waves (ϳ1 Hz) relative to anterior areas (Bersagliere et al, 2018).…”

Section: Medial-occipital Slow Wavessupporting

confidence: 85%

Regional Delta Waves In Human Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

et al. 2019

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Although the EEG slow wave of sleep is typically considered to be a hallmark of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, recent work in mice has shown that slow waves can also occur in REM sleep. Here, we investigated the presence and cortical distribution of negative delta (1-4 Hz) waves in human REM sleep by analyzing high-density EEG sleep recordings obtained in 28 healthy subjects. We identified two clusters of delta waves with distinctive properties: (1) a frontal-central cluster characterized by ϳ2.5-3.0 Hz, relatively large, notched delta waves (so-called "sawtooth waves") that tended to occur in bursts, were associated with increased gamma activity and rapid eye movements (EMs), and upon source modeling displayed an occipital-temporal and a frontal-central component and (2) a medialoccipital cluster characterized by more isolated, slower (Ͻ2 Hz), and smaller waves that were not associated with rapid EMs, displayed a negative correlation with gamma activity, and were also found in NREM sleep. Therefore, delta waves are an integral part of REM sleep in humans and the two identified subtypes (sawtooth and medial-occipital slow waves) may reflect distinct generation mechanisms and functional roles. Sawtooth waves, which are exclusive to REM sleep, share many characteristics with ponto-geniculo-occipital waves described in animals and may represent the human equivalent or a closely related event, whereas medial-occipital slow waves appear similar to NREM sleep slow waves.The EEG slow wave is typically considered a hallmark of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but recent work in mice has shown that it can also occur in REM sleep. By analyzing high-density EEG recordings collected in healthy adult individuals, we show that REM sleep is characterized by prominent delta waves also in humans. In particular, we identified two distinctive clusters of delta waves with different properties: a frontal-central cluster characterized by faster, activating "sawtooth waves" that share many characteristics with ponto-geniculo-occipital waves described in animals and a medial-occipital cluster containing slow waves that are more similar to NREM sleep slow waves. These findings indicate that REM sleep is a spatially and temporally heterogeneous state and may contribute to explaining its known functional and phenomenological properties.

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Section: Medial-occipital Slow Wavessupporting

confidence: 85%

Regional Delta Waves In Human Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

et al. 2019

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“…Consistent with this, the occipital cortex, relative to other cortical areas, shows the smallest changes in SWA at NREM-REM sleep transitions [15,77]. The relatively low frequency of occipital REM slow waves (<2 Hz) is in line with the recent observation of a lower frequency of occipital NREM slow waves (~1 Hz) relative to anterior areas [78].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Regional low-frequency oscillations in human rapid-eye movement sleep

Bernardi

Betta

Ricciardi

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Although the EEG slow wave of sleep is typically considered to be a hallmark of Non Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, recent work in mice has shown that slow waves can also occur in REM sleep. Here we investigated the presence and cortical distribution of low-frequency (1-4 Hz) oscillations in human REM sleep by analyzing high-density EEG sleep recordings obtained in 28 healthy subjects. We identified two clusters of low-frequency oscillations with distinctive properties: 1) a fronto-central cluster characterized by ~2.5-3.0 Hz, relatively large, notched delta waves (so-called 'sawtooth waves') that tended to occur in bursts, were associated with increased gamma activity and rapid eye movements, and upon source modeling, displayed an occipitotemporal and a fronto-central component; and 2) a medial occipital cluster characterized by more isolated, slower (<2 Hz) and smaller waves that were not associated with rapid eye movements, displayed a negative correlation with gamma activity and were also found in NREM sleep. Thus, low-frequency oscillations are an integral part of REM sleep in humans, and the two identified subtypes (sawtooth and medial-occipital slow waves) may reflect distinct generation mechanisms and functional roles. Sawtooth waves, which are exclusive to REM sleep, share many characteristics with ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves described in animals and may represent the human equivalent or a closely related event while medio-occipital slow waves appear similar to NREM sleep slow waves.

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“…Directly relating our findings to in vitro work or studies using anaesthetized, awake, or immobilized animals recorded out of a dynamic sleep-wake history context might therefore not always be straightforward. We found that the well-known frontal dominance of EEG δ-power increases after SD (Cajochen et al, 1999, Munch et al, 2004, was specific to the δ2 band in both species, whereas δ1 increases were smaller and concerned a larger percentage of the cortex, a finding also observed recently in humans (Bersagliere et al, 2018). This latter observation is consistent with the SO engaging the entire neocortex (Contreras and Steriade, 1995, Massimini et al, 2004, Neske, 2015.…”

Section: Neuronal Substrates Of δ1 and δ2supporting

confidence: 89%

Reassessing the validity of slow-wave dynamics as a proxy for NREM sleep homeostasis

Hubbard

Gent

Hoekstra

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Sleep-wake driven changes in NREM sleep (NREMS) EEG delta (δ: ~0.75-4.5Hz) power are widely used as proxy for a sleep homeostatic process. We noted frequency increases in δ-waves in sleep-deprived (SD) mice, prompting us to re-evaluate how slow-wave characteristics relate to prior sleep-wake history. We discovered two types of δ-waves; one responding to SD with high initial power and fast, discontinuous decay (δ2: ~2.5-3.5Hz) and another unrelated to time-spentawake with slow, linear decays (δ1: ~0.75-1.75Hz). Human experiments confirmed this δ-band heterogeneity. Similar to SD, silencing of centromedial thalamus neurons boosted δ2-waves, specifically. δ2-dynamics paralleled that of temperature, muscle tone, heart-rate, and neuronal UP/DOWN state lengths, all reverting to characteristic NREMS levels within the first recovery hour. Thus, prolonged waking seems to necessitate a physiological recalibration before typical NREMS can be reinstated. These short-lasting δ2-dynamics challenge accepted models of sleep regulation and function based on the merged δ-band as sleep-need proxy.

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Mapping Slow Waves by EEG Topography and Source Localization: Effects of Sleep Deprivation

Cited by 47 publications

References 69 publications

Regional Delta Waves In Human Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Regional Delta Waves In Human Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Regional low-frequency oscillations in human rapid-eye movement sleep

Reassessing the validity of slow-wave dynamics as a proxy for NREM sleep homeostasis

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