Mapping risk of leptospirosis in China using environmental and socioeconomic data

Zhao, Jian; Liao, Jishan; Huang, Xu; Zhao, Jing; Wang, Yeping; JingHuan, Ren; Wang, Xiaoye; Ding, Fan

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1653-5

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…On the other hand, at serovar level, we did not observe a clear geographic pattern, which was also reflected in their environmental preferences, evidencing the diversity of environmental conditions where Leptospira exposure can occur. Recent efforts have been made to understand the environmental tolerances of Leptospira at serovar level (Fouts et al, ; Guernier et al, ; Jaeger, Loureiro, & Lilenbaum, ; Zarantonelli et al, ), as well as to identify potential risk areas for future leptospirosis outbreaks (Sánchez‐Montes et al, ; Zhao et al, ). However, there have been no studies able to forecast regions where high‐transmission risk exists and where disease surveillance and control strategies (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive understanding of the geographic distribution and environmental factors that facilitate Leptospira infections will help to inform intervention and prevention strategies for humans and animals (Grooms, ; Lilenbaum & Martins, ; Sánchez‐Montes, Espinosa‐Martínez, Ríos‐Muñoz, Berzunza‐Cruz, & Becker, ; Zhao et al, ). Such assessments have been widely applied in epidemiology through ecological niche modelling (ENM) in disease ecology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteenLeptospiraserovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Jara

Escobar

Rodriges³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that represents a major problem in animal and public health due to its high prevalence and widespread distribution. This zoonotic disease is most prevalent in tropical environments where conditions favour pathogen survival. The ecological preferences of Leptospira serovars are poorly understood, limiting our knowledge of where and when outbreaks can occur, which may result in misinformed prevention and control plans. While the disease can occur consistently in time and space in tropical regions, research on the ecology of leptospirosis remains limited in subtropical regions. This research gap regarding Leptospira ecology brings public and veterinary health problems, impacting local economies. To fill this gap of knowledge, we suggest to assess geographic and ecological features among Leptospira serovars in a subtropical area of Brazil where leptospirosis is endemic to (a) highlight environmental conditions that facilitate or limit Leptospira spread and survival and (b) reconstruct its geographic distribution. An ecological niche modelling framework was used to characterize and compare Leptospira serovars in both geographic and environmental space. Our results show that despite the geographic overlap exhibited by the different serovars assessed, we found ecological divergence among their occupied ecological niches. Ecological divergences were expressed as ranges of potential distributions and environmental conditions found suitably by serovar, Sejroe being the most asymmetric (<0.15). Most important predictors for the potential distribution of most serovars were soil pH (31.7%) and landscape temperature (24.2%). Identification of environmental preferences will allow epidemiologists to better infer the presence of a serovar based on the environmental characteristics of regions rather than inferences based solely on historical epidemiological records. Including geographic and ecological ranges of serovars also may help to forecast transmission potential of Leptospira in public health and the food animal practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteenLeptospiraserovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Jara

Escobar

Rodriges³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The main monthly distribution of confirmed LS cases ranges from June to October, the rainy season in Taiwan, and accounts for 72.0% of cases (479/665; Figure c). Rainfall has been recognized as a risk factor associated with LS (Benacer et al, ; Chou et al, ; Wuthiekanun et al, ; Zhao et al, ). In a previous report in Taiwan, the rainfall pattern was associated with the incidence of LS from 2001 to 2006 (Chou et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology, characteristics and outbreaks of human leptospirosis and the association with animals in Taiwan, 2007–2014: A nationwide database study

Tsai

Lin

Lee

et al. 2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Background: Leptospirosis (LS) is a neglected tropical zoonosis of global importance.A nationwide investigation of characteristics, epidemiology, risk factors and outbreak is crucial for awareness of this disease. Methods: A nationwide database of reported LS cases from October 2007 toDecember 2014 obtained from the Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan, was analysed. Geographic information system software was used to map the distribution of confirmed LS cases and pigs. Cross-matching with the databases of Q fever, scrub typhus and murine typhus was conducted to identify possible coinfections.Results: A total of 10,917 reported cases of LS were recorded in the database, which included 665 (6.1%) confirmed LS and 10,252 (93.9%) non-confirmed LS cases. The major residences of confirmed LS were the Kaohsiung-Pingtung (248, 37.3%) and Taipei (174, 26.2%) regions. The average annual incidence was 0.4/100,000 people. Compared with non-confirmed LS cases, confirmed LS cases had significantly higher percentages of male gender (83.6% vs. 67.9%, p < .001), high-risk occupations (farmer, animal husbandry or veterinarian) (24.8% vs. 13.7%, p < .001), residence in the Kaohsiung-Pingtung region (37.3% vs. 19.6%, p < .001) and exposure to rats (8.6% vs. 4.9%, p = .001) or pigs (9.4% vs. 1.9%, p < .001) but a lower mean age (47.8 ± 15.1 vs. 51.±18.5 years old). Rat and pig exposure trends were found in the northern and southern regions, respectively.Distribution of LS was consistent with pigs, and one outbreak associated with flooding and pigs occurred in the Pingtung region in 2009. Twenty-three and four patients with LS were coinfected with scrub typhus and Q fever, respectively. Conclusions: LS is an endemic disease in Taiwan, particularly in the Kaohsiung-Pingtung and Taipei regions. High-risk occupations and animal exposure history are important for the clinical presumptive diagnosis of LS, particularly for rats in northern Taiwan and pigs in southern Taiwan. Although uncommon, clinicians should be aware of coinfection of LS with endemic rickettsial diseases. K E Y W O R D S database analysis, epidemiology, flood, Leptospirosis, outbreak, pigs, rats, rickettsioses, Taiwan | 157 TSAI eT Al.

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“…Despite the geographic similarities exhibited by each serovar, they showed different environmental preferences, evidencing the diversity of environmental conditions where Leptospira exposure can occur. Recent efforts have been made to understand the environmental tolerances of Leptospira at serovar level (Fouts et al, 2016; Guernier et al, 2017; Jaeger et al, 2018; Zarantonelli et al, 2018), as well as to identify potential risk areas for future leptospirosis outbreaks (Sánchez-Montes et al, 2015; Zhao et al, 2016). However, there have been no studies able to forecast regions where high-transmission risk exists and where disease surveillance and control strategies (e.g., vaccination) would have better impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive understanding of the geographic distribution and environmental factors that facilitate Leptospira infections will help to inform intervention and prevention strategies for humans and animals (Grooms, 2006; Lilenbaum and Martins, 2014; Sánchez-Montes et al, 2015; Zhao et al, 2016). Such assessments have been widely applied in epidemiology through ecological niche modeling (ENM) in disease ecology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteen Leptospira serovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Jara

Escobar

Rodriges³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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20Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that represents a major problem in animal and public health 21 due to its high prevalence and widespread distribution. This zoonotic disease is most prevalent in 22 2 tropical environments where conditions favor pathogen survival. The ecological preferences of 23 Leptospira serovars are poorly understood, limiting our knowledge of where and when outbreaks 24 can occur, which may result in misinformed prevention and control plans. While the disease can 25 occur consistently in time and space in tropical regions, research on the ecology of Leptospirosis 26 remains limited in subtropical regions. This research gap regarding Leptospira ecology brings 27 public and veterinary health problems, impacting local economies. To fill this gap of knowledge, 28 we propose to assess geographic and ecological features among Leptospira serovars in a 29 subtropical area of Brazil where Leptospirosis is endemic to (i) highlight environmental 30 conditions that facilitate or limit Leptospira spread and survival and (ii) reconstruct its 31 geographical distribution. An ecological niche modeling framework was used to characterize and 32 compare Leptospira serovars in both geographical and environmental space. Our results show 33 that, despite the geographic overlap exhibited by the different serovars assessed, we found 34 ecological divergence among their occupied ecological niches. Ecological divergences were 35 expressed as ranges of potential distributions and environmental conditions found suitably by 36 serovar, being Sejroe the most asymmetric. Most important predictors for the potential 37distribution of most serovars were soil pH (31.7%) and landscape temperature (24.2%).

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Mapping risk of leptospirosis in China using environmental and socioeconomic data

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteenLeptospiraserovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteenLeptospiraserovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

The epidemiology, characteristics and outbreaks of human leptospirosis and the association with animals in Taiwan, 2007–2014: A nationwide database study

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteen Leptospira serovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

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