Mapping of the transcription start site (TSS) and identification of SNPs in the bovine neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene

Bahar, Bojlul; Sweeney, T.

doi:10.1186/1471-2156-9-91

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Both NPY and RLN3 mRNA expression was lower while mRNA expression for POMC was higher in the ARC of LRFI steers versus their HRFI counterparts. Consistent with the observation that NPY expression was lower in animals with lower DMI, Bahar and Sweeney (2008) have demonstrated that NPY potently stimulates feeding behavior in cattle. Furthermore, SNP in the NPY gene have been associated with ADG, BW, G:F and RFI status pointing to the potential importance of this gene in regulating energy balance and feed efficiency in growing cattle (Sherman et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2011;Alam et al, 2012;Trujillo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Residual feed intake studies in Angus-sired cattle reveal a potential role for hypothalamic gene expression in regulating feed efficiency1,2

Perkins

Key

Garrett

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Mechanisms underlying variation in residual feed intake (RFI), a heritable feed efficiency measure, are poorly understood while the relationship between RFI and meat quality is uncertain. To address these issues, 2 divergent cohorts consisting of High (HRFI) and Low (LRFI) RFI individuals were created by assessing RFI in 48 Angus-sired steers during a 70 d feeding trial to identify steers with divergent RFI. The association of RFI with indices of meat quality and expression of genes within hypothalamic and adipose tissue was then determined in LRFI and HRFI steers. While on test, feed intake was recorded daily with BW and hip heights recorded at 14 d intervals. Ultrasound measurements of rib eye area (REA) and backfat (BF) were recorded initially and before harvest. Carcass and growth data were analyzed using a mixed model with RFI level (LRFI, HRFI) as the independent variable. The least-square means (lsmeans) for RFI were -1.25 and 1.51 for the LRFI and HRFI cohorts (P < .0001). Dry matter intake was higher for the HRFI individuals versus the LRFI steers (P < .0001) while on test BW gain was not different between the 2 groups (P < 0.73). There were no differences detected in marbling score (P < 0.93), BF (P < 0.61), REA (P < 0.15), yield grade (P < 0.85) or objective Hunter color measures between LRFI and HRFI steers indicating that there was no relationship between RFI and meat quality. Neuropeptide-Y (NPY), relaxin-3 (RLN3), melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), and GnRH mRNA expression was 64%, 59%, 58%, 86% lower (P < 0.05), respectively, while gonadotropin inhibiting hormone (GnIH) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression was 198% and 350% higher (P < 0.01) in the arcuate nucleus of LRFI steers. Expression of agouti-related protein (AGRP), relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1), and melanocortin 3 receptor mRNA was similar between LRFI and HRFI animals. Pituitary expression of FSHβ (P < 0.03) and LHβ (P < 0.01) was correlated to hypothalamic GnRH levels suggesting that changes in gene expression within the arcuate nucleus had functional consequences. Leptin mRNA expression was 245% higher in the adipose tissue of LRFI steers consistent with lower levels of NPY and higher expression of POMC in their hypothalami. These data support the hypothesis that differences in hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression underlie variation in feed efficiency in steers while the gonadotropin axis may also influence feed efficiency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Residual feed intake studies in Angus-sired cattle reveal a potential role for hypothalamic gene expression in regulating feed efficiency1,2

Perkins

Key

Garrett

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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“…An SNP in neuropeptide (NPY) was also significantly associated with the in-calf rate at 100 days (Clempson et al 2011b). NPY is a neurotransmitter that controls appetite and energy homeostasis and is a key regulator of leptin activity in the hypothalamus (Bahar and Sweeney 2008). However, the leptin receptor SNP T945M was not associated with either milk production or fertility traits, in agreement with a previous study (Banos et al 2008).…”

Section: Leptinsupporting

confidence: 78%

Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow

Wathes

Clempson

Pollott

2013

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. Dairy cows mobilise body tissues to support milk production and, because glucose supplies are limited, lipids are used preferentially for energy production. Lipogenic activity is switched off and lipolytic mechanisms in adipose tissue increase through changes in the expression of several key enzymes. This results in a loss of body condition, together with high circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids. Changes in the synthesis, secretion and signalling pathways of somatotrophic hormones (insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1) and adipokines (e.g. leptin) are central to the regulation of these processes. A high reliance on fatty acids as an energy source in the peripartum period causes oxidative damage to mitochondria in metabolically active tissues, including the liver and reproductive tract. The expression of genes involved in insulin resistance (PDK4, AHSG) is increased, together with expression of TIEG1, a transcription factor that can induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Polymorphisms in TFAM and UCP2, two autosomal mitochondrial genes, have been associated with longevity in dairy cows. Polymorphisms in many other genes that affect lipid metabolism also show some associations with fertility traits. These include DGAT1, SCD1, DECR1, CRH, CBFA2T1, GH, LEP and NPY. Excess lipid accumulation in oocytes and the regenerating endometrium reduces fertility via reductions in embryo survival and increased inflammatory changes, respectively.

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“…Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been demonstrated to be a potent appetite-stimulating neurotransmitter whose site of synthesis was localized to the ARC in sheep Adam et al, 2002;Pillon et al, 2003;Polkowska et al, 2006) and cattle (Bahar and Sweeney, 2008). Expression of the NPY gene was demonstrated to be responsive to short-term fasting or longer term undernutrition, both of which increased NPY gene expression in the ARC (Henry et al, 2000;Polkowska and Gladysz, 2001;Adam et al, 2002;Archer et al, 2002).…”

Section: Neuropeptidementioning

confidence: 96%

TRIENNIAL GROWTH SYMPOSIUM: Neural regulation of feed intake: Modification by hormones, fasting, and disease1,2

Sartin¹,

Whitlock²,

Daniel³

2011

Journal of Animal Science

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Appetite is a complex process that results from the integration of multiple signals at the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus receives neural signals; hormonal signals such as leptin, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin; and nutrient signals such as glucose, FFA, AA, and VFA. This effect is processed by a specific sequence of neurotransmitters beginning with the arcuate nucleus and orexigenic cells containing neuropeptide Y or agouti-related protein and anorexigenic cells containing proopiomelanocortin (yielding the neurotransmitter α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) or cells expressing cocaine amphetamine-related transcript. These so-called first-order neurons act on second-order orexigenic neurons (containing either melanin-concentrating hormone or orexin) or act on anorexigenic neurons (e.g., expressing corticotropin-releasing hormone) to alter feed intake. In addition, satiety signals from the liver and gastrointestinal tract signal through the vagus nerve to the nucleus tractus solitarius to cause meal termination, and in combination with the hypothalamus, integrate the various signals to determine the feeding response. The activities of these neuronal pathways are also influenced by numerous factors such as nutrients, fasting, and disease to modify appetite and hence affect growth and reproduction. This review will begin with the central nervous system pathways and then discuss the ways in which hormones and metabolites may alter the process to affect feed intake with emphasis on farm animals.

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Mapping of the transcription start site (TSS) and identification of SNPs in the bovine neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

Residual feed intake studies in Angus-sired cattle reveal a potential role for hypothalamic gene expression in regulating feed efficiency1,2

Residual feed intake studies in Angus-sired cattle reveal a potential role for hypothalamic gene expression in regulating feed efficiency1,2

Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow

TRIENNIAL GROWTH SYMPOSIUM: Neural regulation of feed intake: Modification by hormones, fasting, and disease1,2

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