Mapping of the Pneumococcus Chromosome. Linkage between the Genes Conferring Resistances to Erythromycin and Tetracycline and Its Implication to the Replication of the Chromosome

Butler, L. O.; Nicholas, Gina

doi:10.1099/00221287-79-1-31

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Linkage between the genes encoding erythromycin and tetracycline resistance (28) and tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance (239) was a prelude to the demonstration, in 1980, that multiple resistance could be transferred by conjugation in pneumococci (29) and to the identification in 1986 of chromosomal conjugative elements that transfer multiple resistance (48,268,269). Transposon TnJ545 confers resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, and tetracycline.…”

Section: Other Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics

1990

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The geographic distribution of pneumococci resistant to one or more of the antibiotics penicillin, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline appears to be expanding, and there exist foci of resistance to chloramphenicol and rifampin. Multiply resistant pneumococci are being encountered more commonly and are more often community acquired. Factors associated with infection caused by resistant pneumococci include young age, duration of hospitalization, infection with a pneumococcus of serogroup 6, 19, or 23 or serotype 14, and exposure to antibiotics to which the strain is resistant. At present, the most useful drugs for the management of resistant pneumococcal infections are cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and rifampin. If the strains are susceptible, chloramphenicol may be useful as an alternative, less expensive agent. Appropriate interventions for the control of resistant pneumococcal outbreaks include investigation of the prevalence of resistant strains, isolation of patients, possible treatment of carriers, and reduction of usage of antibiotics to which the strain is resistant. The molecular mechanisms of penicillin resistance are related to the structure and function of penicillin-binding proteins, and the mechanisms of resistance to other agents involved in multiple resistance are being elucidated. Recognition is increasing of the standard screening procedure for penicillin resistance, using a 1-microgram oxacillin disk.

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Section: Other Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics

1990

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“…In a previous paper (Butler & Nicholas, 1973) a discrepancy was reported concerning the linkage between the genes conferring resistances to erythromycin and streptomycin in pneumococcus. Results of work in our laboratory showed no evidence of linkage between ery-r2 and str-r41 using strain C13 as recipient, although Ravin and his collaborators had shown linkage between ery-r2 and str-r53 using strain SIII-I as recipient (Ravin, 1966;Ravin & Chen, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Strain Clone 3 (C13), derived from the strain R36A of Avery, MacLeod & McCarty (1944) by Ephrussi-Taylor (1951). A description of the antibiotic resistant strains derived from strain C13 and used as the source of transforming DNA has been given previously (Butler & Nicholas, 1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assays of transforming activity and of colony-forming units were carried out as previously described (Butler & Nicholas, 1973). Chain lengths were not observed until later in the study and with strain SIII-I an average value of 2-68 was obtained from 21 observations.…”

Section: Preparations Of Dna (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DNA from the antibiotic-resistant derivatives of strain C13 was prepared by Method II described previously (Butler & Nicholas, 1973).…”

Section: Preparations Of Dna (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping of the pneumococcus chromosome: differences between recipient strains varying inhexproperty and the location of theopt-r2gene

1979

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SUMMARYTransformation studies in pneumococcus had shown that loci determining the resistance to erythromycin and streptomycin were unlinked when strain Cl3 was recipient but linked when strain SIII-I was recipient. This phenomenon also applies to other pairs of markers studied in these two recipients, no matter whether the transforming DNA was derived from strain Cl3 or strain SIII-I. Other differences between the two recipient strains were also revealed. Whereas competent cultures of strain Cl3 were composed of all competent cells, which was in agreement with previous reports of pneumococcal cultures, strain SIII-I normally gave a maximum average of 28% competent cells. Strain SIII-I was unstable, since on repeated sub-culturing the competence peak profile changed and the value of ‘fcq’ increased. These properties were reflected in the twohex−strains 401 and R6x which were found to be similar to the ‘altered SIII-I’ strain. The results from the linkage studies have been applied to the chromosome map and have placed theopt-r2gene in thestr-r41-containing chromosome arm.

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Diplococcus pneumoniae

Ottolenghi-Nightingale

1974

Bacteria, Bacteriophages, and Fungi

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Mapping of the Pneumococcus Chromosome. Linkage between the Genes Conferring Resistances to Erythromycin and Tetracycline and Its Implication to the Replication of the Chromosome

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics

Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics

Mapping of the pneumococcus chromosome: differences between recipient strains varying inhexproperty and the location of theopt-r2gene

Diplococcus pneumoniae

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