Mapping of the distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among small wild mammals in a conservation unit and its surroundings (Northeast-Brazil)

Xavier, Samanta Cristina das Chagas; Vaz, Vanderson Corrêa; D’Andrea, Paulo Sérgio; Herrera, Leidi; Emperaire, Laure; Alves, José Romero Alexandre; Fernandes, Octávio; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando; Jansen, Ana Maria

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2007.01.003

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These rodents were found infected by Leishmania species from different complexes – L. mexicana and L. donovani – in an endemic area for both visceral and tegumentar leishmaniasis in Minas Gerais state, Brazil [3]; 3) the importance of these rodents as reservoirs of other trypanosomatids – Trypanosoma cruzi and T. evansi . This feature is confirmed by both experimental [18],[19] and field work studies [20],[21]; and 4) Thrichomys spp are widely dispersed throughout Brazil, comprising one of the most abundant species in the three Brazilian biomes where they occur [16]. Moreover, they are habitat generalists, found even in degraded areas, and can also frequent human dwellings [20],[22].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Thrichomys laurentius (Rodentia; Echimyidae) as a Putative Reservoir of Leishmania infantum and L. braziliensis: Patterns of Experimental Infection

Roque

Cupolillo

Marchevsky³

et al. 2010

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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The importance of the genus Thrichomys in the retention of infection and transmission of Leishmania species is supported by previous studies that describe an ancient interaction between caviomorphs and trypanosomatids and report the natural infection of Thrichomys spp. Moreover, these rodents are widely dispersed in Brazil and recognized as important hosts of other tripanosomatids. Our main purpose was to evaluate the putative role of Thrichomys laurentius in the retention of infection and amplification of the transmission cycle of Leishmania infantum and L. braziliensis. Male and female T. laurentius (n = 24) born in captivity were evaluated for the retention of infection with these Leishmania species and followed up by parasitological, serological, hematological, biochemical, histological, and molecular assays for 3, 6, 9, or 12 months post infection (mpi). T. laurentius showed its competence as maintenance host for the two inoculated Leishmania species. Four aspects should be highlighted: (i) re-isolation of parasites 12 mpi; (ii) the low parasitic burden displayed by T. laurentius tissues; (iii) the early onset and maintenance of humoral response, and (iv) the similar pattern of infection by the two Leishmania species. Both Leishmania species demonstrated the ability to invade and maintain itself in viscera and skin of T. laurentius, and no rodent displayed any lesion, histological changes, or clinical evidence of infection. We also wish to point out the irrelevance of the adjective dermotropic or viscerotropic to qualify L. braziliensis and L. infantum, respectively, when these species are hosted by nonhuman hosts. Our data suggest that T. laurentius may act at least as a maintenance host of both tested Leishmania species since it maintained long-lasting infections. Moreover, it cannot be discarded that Leishmania spp. infection in free-ranging T. laurentius could result in higher parasite burden due the more stressing conditions in the wild. Therefore the tissular parasitism of the skin, infectiveness to the vector, and amplification of the transmission cycle of both Leishmania species could be expected.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Thrichomys laurentius (Rodentia; Echimyidae) as a Putative Reservoir of Leishmania infantum and L. braziliensis: Patterns of Experimental Infection

Roque

Cupolillo

Marchevsky³

et al. 2010

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…The finding of simultaneous infection by four T. cruzi DTUs in cardiac tissue is consistent with the genotype diversity observed in the state. A high diversity of T. cruzi DTUs is not usually observed in other regions in Brazil: in Poço das Antas (Rio de Janeiro state), where TcII is the main DTU infecting monkeys, TcI infection is rare; in Piauí state, TcI and a few cases of TcII infection have been reported; in Santa Catarina state, both TcI and TcII were reported; and in Pará state, TcI infection has been reported [21, 37, 80–82]. In addition, mixed DTU infections in T. vitticeps may be attributable to differentially infected blood meal sources or mixed DTU infections in mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological scenario and Trypanosoma cruzi DTU characterization of a fatal acute Chagas disease case transmitted orally (Espírito Santo state, Brazil)

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTrypanosoma cruzi infection via oral route results in outbreaks or cases of acute Chagas disease (ACD) in different Brazilian regions and poses a novel epidemiological scenario. In the Espírito Santo state (southeastern Brazil), a fatal case of a patient with ACD led us to investigate the enzootic scenario to avoid the development of new cases. At the studied locality, Triatoma vitticeps exhibited high T. cruzi infection rates and frequently invaded residences.MethodsSylvatic and domestic mammals in the Rio da Prata locality, where the ACD case occurred, and in four surrounding areas (Baia Nova, Buenos Aires, Santa Rita and Todos os Santos) were examined and underwent parasitological and serological tests. Triatomines were collected for a fecal material exam, culturing and mini-exon gene molecular characterization, followed by RFLP-PCR of H3/Alul. Paraffin-embedded cardiac tissue of a patient was washed with xylene to remove paraffin and DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method. For genotype characterization, PCR was performed to amplify the 1f8, GPI and 18S rRNA genes. In the case of V7V8 SSU rRNA, the PCR products were molecularly cloned. PCR products were sequenced and compared to sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood method with 1000 bootstrap replicates was performed.ResultsNone of the animals showed positive hemocultures. Three rodents and two dogs showed signs of infection, as inferred from borderline serological titers. T. vitticeps was the only triatomine species identified and showed T. cruzi infection by DTUs TcI and TcIV. The analysis of cardiac tissue DNA showed mixed infection by T. cruzi (DTUs I, II, III and IV) and Trypanosoma dionisii.ConclusionsEach case or outbreak of ACD should be analyzed as a particular epidemiological occurrence. The results indicated that mixed infections in humans may play a role in pathogenicity and may be more common than is currently recognized. Direct molecular characterization from biological samples is essential because this procedure avoids parasite selection. T. dionisii may under certain and unknown circumstances infect humans. The distribution of T. cruzi DTUS TcIII and TcIV in Brazilian biomes is broader than has been assumed to date.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1754-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…This study showed that the morphology of the parasites isolated was similar to Trypanosoma cruzi. In fact, the arrangement of the nuclei and the kinetoplasts of the parasites detected in the animals captured in the Lomas Blancas, Mesilla del Cura, La Bajada, Daniel Donovan and Las Vizcacheras areas matched the morphology of the two blood types described for Trypanosoma cruzi: a very mobile, thin shape with an elongated nucleus, a subterminal kinetoplast and short flagellum; and a thick, slow-moving shape with an oval nucleus and a long, free flagellum [21][22][23][24][25] . The second parameter was the biometric measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Several authors have studied rodents as hosts for trypanosomes [10][11][12][22][23][24] . Most of these studies had the aim of describing species as trypanosome reservoirs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

American tripanosomiasis: a study on the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma cruzi-like organisms in wild rodents in San Luis province, Argentina

Brigada

Doña

Caviedes‐Vidal

et al. 2010

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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American tripanosomiasis: a study on the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma cruzi-like organisms in wild rodents in San Luis province, Argentina ABSTRACT Introduction: Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Wild and perianthropic mammals maintain the infection/transmission cycle, both in their natural habitat and in the peridomestic area. The aim of this paper was to present the results from a study on wild rodents in the central and northern regions of San Luis province, Argentina, in order to evaluate the prevalence of this infection. Methods: Sherman traps were set up in capture areas located between latitudes 32º and 33º S, and longitudes 65º and 66º W. The captured rodents were taxonomically identified and hemoflagellates were isolated. Morphological, biometric and molecular studies and in vitro cultures were performed. Infection of laboratory animals and histological examination of the cardiac muscle and inoculation area were also carried out. Parasites were detected in circulating blood in Calomys musculinus, Graomys griseoflavus, Phyllotis darwini and Akodon molinae. The parasites were identified using biological criteria. Molecular PCR studies were performed on some isolates, which confirmed the characterization of these hemoflagellates as Trypanosoma cruzi. Results and Conclusions: Forty-four percent of the 25 isolates were identified as Trypanosoma cruzi, and the remaining 56% as Trypanosoma cruzi-like. These findings provide evidence that wild rats infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma cruzi-like organisms are important in areas of low endemicity.

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Mapping of the distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among small wild mammals in a conservation unit and its surroundings (Northeast-Brazil)

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Thrichomys laurentius (Rodentia; Echimyidae) as a Putative Reservoir of Leishmania infantum and L. braziliensis: Patterns of Experimental Infection

Thrichomys laurentius (Rodentia; Echimyidae) as a Putative Reservoir of Leishmania infantum and L. braziliensis: Patterns of Experimental Infection

Ecological scenario and Trypanosoma cruzi DTU characterization of a fatal acute Chagas disease case transmitted orally (Espírito Santo state, Brazil)

American tripanosomiasis: a study on the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma cruzi-like organisms in wild rodents in San Luis province, Argentina

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