Mapping of Small Nerve Trunks and Branches Using Adaptive Flexible Electrodes

Abstract

Selective stimulation is delivered to the sciatic nerve using different paris of contacts on a split‐ring electrode, while simulatneous recordings are acquired by the neural ribbon electrodes on three different branches. Two hook electrodes are also implanted in the muscle to monitor the activated muscle responses. It shows that the high precision implantation of electrodes, increases the efficacy and reduces the incidence of side effects.

Flourishing energy harvesters for future body sensor network: from single to multiple energy sources

“…The rapid advancement in materials, sensors, circuits, and wireless transmission technologies will give way to the body sensor network (bodyNET) ( Niu et al., 2019 ; Tian et al., 2019 ), which enables human physiological signal detection not only on the skin but also inside the body as shown in Figure 1 A ( Lee et al., 2019a ; Zheng et al., 2020 ). Flexible electronic technologies allow the sensors to exist in various forms, including electronic skins that are directly attached to the skin ( Chen et al., 2019a ; Oh and Bao, 2019 ; Pu et al., 2017b ), clothes that are worn on the human body ( Chen et al., 2020b ; Shi et al., 2020c ), glasses ( Vera Anaya et al., 2020 ), face masks ( Zhang et al., 2020a ), watches ( Quan et al., 2015 ), gloves ( Sundaram et al., 2019 ), insoles ( Wu et al., 2020b ), socks ( Zhang et al., 2020c ), shoes ( Li et al., 2017 ), and implantable devices ( Arab Hassani et al., 2020 ; Hinchet et al., 2019 ; Xiang et al., 2016 ), to provide comprehensive monitoring of the user's health status and motions. For instance, the sensors attached to the skin or worn on the body can record body temperature, pulse, respiration rate, blood pressure, etc.…”

Investigation of Low‐Current Direct Stimulation for Rehabilitation Treatment Related to Muscle Function Loss Using Self‐Powered TENG System

“…Examples include optoelectronic devices for neuromodulation, [7] soft mechanical actuators to assist organ functions, [8,9] and microfluidic devices for drug delivery. To interface with the delicate biological tissues, flexible electrodes made of polyimide, [12][13][14] SU-8, [15,16] poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), [17] and hydrogel [18] are developed to minimize the mechanical mismatch with the brain and peripheral nerves. To interface with the delicate biological tissues, flexible electrodes made of polyimide, [12][13][14] SU-8, [15,16] poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), [17] and hydrogel [18] are developed to minimize the mechanical mismatch with the brain and peripheral nerves.…”

“…Despite these emerging therapeutic interventions, electrical stimulation remains as a dominating therapeutic method. To interface with the delicate biological tissues, flexible electrodes made of polyimide, SU‐8, poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), and hydrogel are developed to minimize the mechanical mismatch with the brain and peripheral nerves. Meanwhile, high‐density silicon‐based microelectrode arrays, such as the Neuropixels probe and Utah electrode array, also show huge clinical potentials.…”

A Review and Perspective for the Development of Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG)-Based Self-Powered Neuroprosthetics

“…Deep brain stimulation (DBS), based on the electrical stimulation of deep structures within the brain, is clinically used for symptomatic treatment of motor-related disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, and tremor, and it is also under clinical development for other drug-resistant neurological disorders, such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and others [ 2 ]. Electrical stimulation of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) can also be achieved by implanted neuroprosthetic devices in the spinal cord or peripheral nerves and muscles to restore sensory and motor function in a novel and promising field of therapeutic interventions termed “bioelectronics” [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. To prolong the lifetime of the implanted devices, researchers have invested enormous enthusiasm and energy to develop the power sources for them [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”