“…Machine learning algorithms such as ANN and deep learning algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been applied to remote sensing data varying from low resolution to VHR for mapping PCGs and PMFs (e.g., Feng et al, 2021; Hasituya et al, 2020; Li et al, 2020; Lin, Weng, et al, 2021; Ma et al, 2021; Sun et al, 2021). For example, Lin, Weng, et al (2021) applied machine learning algorithms to MODIS data, which is relatively a low resolution (250 m) imagery when compared to LANDSAT data (30 m), for mapping PCGs whereas Feng et al (2021) used high resolution PLEIADES‐1B data for mapping PCGs by applying DNCNN models. In the case of DNCNN, classification errors may occur where both PCGs and plastic‐mulched farmlands coexist (Feng et al, 2021).…”