Mapping of Cell Wall Components in Lignified Biomass as a Tool to Understand Recalcitrance

Ferraz, André; Costa, Thales H. F.; Siqueira, Germano; Milagres, Adriane M. F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05020-1_9

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Additionally, in view of the high degree of delignification in the S regions, the lignin dissolved was mainly originated from the S layers. The phenomenon was in line with the previous report that the removal of lignin first occurred in the S layers during the alkaline treatment (Ferraz et al, 2014).…”

Section: Confocal Raman Microscopy Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

Structural elucidation of Eucalyptus lignin and its dynamic changes in the cell walls during an integrated process of ionic liquids and successive alkali treatments

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Bioresource Technology

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An integrated process based on ionic liquids ([Bmim]Cl and [Bmim]OAc) pretreatment and successive alkali post-treatments (0.5, 2.0, and 4.0% NaOH at 90°C for 2h) was performed to isolate lignins from Eucalyptus. The structural features and spatial distribution of lignin in the Eucalyptus cell wall were investigated thoroughly. Results revealed that the ionic liquids pretreatment promoted the isolation of alkaline lignin from the pretreated samples without obvious structural changes. Additionally, the integrated process resulted in syringyl-rich lignin macromolecules with more β-O-4' linkages and less phenolic hydroxyl groups. Confocal Raman microscopy analysis showed that the dissolution behavior of lignin was varied in the morphologically distinct regions during the successive alkali treatments, and lignin dissolved was mainly stemmed from the secondary wall regions. These results provided some useful information for understanding the mechanisms of delignification during the integrated process and enhancing the potential utilizations of lignin in future biorefineries.

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Section: Confocal Raman Microscopy Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

Structural elucidation of Eucalyptus lignin and its dynamic changes in the cell walls during an integrated process of ionic liquids and successive alkali treatments

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Bioresource Technology

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“…Research has shown that hemicellulose tightens cellulose chains together and changes the dimensions of the micro-fibrils, as seen in the crystal structure [84]. Of the various hemicelluloses, xylan in particular binds cellulose fibrils tighter in the paper-making process [85,86].…”

Section: Behavior Of Cellulosementioning

confidence: 98%

Identification of the fractions responsible for morphology conservation in lignocellulosic pyrolysis: Visualization studies of sugarcane bagasse and its pseudo-components

Montoya

Pecha

Janna

et al. 2017

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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a b s t r a c tPyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials typically form carbonaceous residues (chars) with structures similar to the starting material. However, previous studies reported in the literature have shown that fast pyrolysis of cellulose and lignin form a molten intermediate liquid resulting in chars with smooth surfaces and evidences of intense bubbling. The fraction responsible for morphology conservation during pyrolysis is not known. In this article, pyrolysis visualization studies were carried out with a fast camera on cellulose, xylan, Organosolv lignin (OL), milled wood lignin (MWL), and lignocellulosic sugarcane bagasse to identify the component responsible for morphological conservation. The materials were heated using a modified Pyroprobe with measured sample heating rates close to 100 • C/s. Our studies confirm that cellulose, lignin, and deashed xylan are completely transformed into an intermediate liquid; the intensity of bubbling for lignin was far superior that of cellulose. Xylan as received, however, only forms a small amount of intermediate liquid; it does not fully melt and maintains its general shape during pyrolysis. These results suggest that the presence of mineral matter is critical for lignocellulosic materials to retain their original morphology. We repeated the studies on raw bagasse and acid washed bagasse. The raw bagasse retains its morphology; the acid washed bagasse shrank dramatically, but was not completely converted into a liquid. Our results suggest that in addition to hemicellulose with the presence of ash, other biomass fractions or the different temperatures at which the different fractions melt and solidify could also be contributing to maintain the structure of the lignocellulosic material during pyrolysis.

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“…Cell wall recalcitrance has been identified as the most well-documented challenge that limits biomass conversion into sustainable and cost-effective biofuel production (Himmel et al, 2007 ; Pauly and Keegstra, 2008 ; Scheller et al, 2010 ). Hence, identifying cell wall components that affect recalcitrance has been an important target of lignocellulosic bioenergy research (Ferraz et al, 2014 ). A number of plant cell wall polymers, including lignin, hemicelluloses, and pectic polysaccharides, have been shown to contribute to cell wall recalcitrance (Mohnen et al, 2008 ; Fu et al, 2011 ; Studer et al, 2011 ; Pattathil et al, 2012b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Approaches to Biomass Characterization and Utilization

Pattathil

Avci

Zhang

et al. 2015

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Plant biomass is the major renewable feedstock resource for sustainable generation of alternative transportation fuels to replace fossil carbon-derived fuels. Lignocellulosic cell walls are the principal component of plant biomass. Hence, a detailed understanding of plant cell wall structure and biosynthesis is an important aspect of bioenergy research. Cell walls are dynamic in their composition and structure, varying considerably among different organs, cells, and developmental stages of plants. Hence, tools are needed that are highly efficient and broadly applicable at various levels of plant biomass-based bioenergy research. The use of plant cell wall glycan-directed probes has seen increasing use over the past decade as an excellent approach for the detailed characterization of cell walls. Large collections of such probes directed against most major cell wall glycans are currently available worldwide. The largest and most diverse set of such probes consists of cell wall glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies (McAbs). These McAbs can be used as immunological probes to comprehensively monitor the overall presence, extractability, and distribution patterns among cell types of most major cell wall glycan epitopes using two mutually complementary immunological approaches, glycome profiling (an in vitro platform) and immunolocalization (an in situ platform). Significant progress has been made recently in the overall understanding of plant biomass structure, composition, and modifications with the application of these immunological approaches. This review focuses on such advances made in plant biomass analyses across diverse areas of bioenergy research.

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Mapping of Cell Wall Components in Lignified Biomass as a Tool to Understand Recalcitrance

Cited by 10 publications

References 76 publications

Structural elucidation of Eucalyptus lignin and its dynamic changes in the cell walls during an integrated process of ionic liquids and successive alkali treatments

Structural elucidation of Eucalyptus lignin and its dynamic changes in the cell walls during an integrated process of ionic liquids and successive alkali treatments

Identification of the fractions responsible for morphology conservation in lignocellulosic pyrolysis: Visualization studies of sugarcane bagasse and its pseudo-components

Immunological Approaches to Biomass Characterization and Utilization

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