Mapping morality with a compass: Testing the theory of ‘morality-as-cooperation’ with a new questionnaire

Curry, Oliver Scott; Chesters, Matthew Jones; Lissa, Caspar J. van

doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2018.10.008

Cited by 187 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The theory of 'morality-as-cooperation' [74], for example, argues that morality consists of a collection of biological and cultural solutions to the problems of cooperation recurrent in humans' evolutionary history, proposing seven moral domains (family, group, reciprocity, heroism, deference, fairness, and property) which are considered morally good across cultural contexts [74]. Future research is encouraged to replicate and extend the present findings using modern evolutionary theories of morality using corresponding measures [75]. In addition, MFQ has limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries

2020

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Most of the empirical research on sex differences and cultural variations in morality has relied on within-culture analyses or small-scale cross-cultural data. To further broaden the scientific understanding of sex differences in morality, the current research relies on two international samples to provide the first large-scale examination of sex differences in moral judgements nested within cultures. Using a sample from 67 countries (Study 1; n = 336 691), we found culturally variable sex differences in moral judgements, as conceptualized by Moral Foundations Theory. Women consistently scored higher than men on Care, Fairness, and Purity. By contrast, sex differences in Loyalty and Authority were negligible and highly variable across cultures. Country-level sex differences in moral judgements were also examined in relation to cultural, socioeconomic, and gender-equality indicators revealing that sex differences in moral judgements are larger in individualist, Western, and gender-equal societies. In Study 2 (19 countries; n = 11 969), these results were largely replicated using Bayesian multi-level modelling in a distinct sample. The findings were robust when incorporating cultural non-independence of countries into the models. Specifically, women consistently showed higher concerns for Care, Fairness, and Purity in their moral judgements than did men. Sex differences in moral judgements were larger in individualist and gender-equal societies with more flexible social norms. We discuss the implications of these findings for the ongoing debate about the origin of sex differences and cultural variations in moral judgements as well as theoretical and pragmatic implications for moral and evolutionary psychology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries

2020

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“…Similarly, criticism from outside and alternative theories (see, e.g., Janoff-Bulman & Carnes, 2013;Gray & Keeney, 2015;Curry, Chesters, & Van Lissa, 2019;see Discussion), have received little attention to date. Given the sparsity of empirical work building on these efforts, there is little possibility to test moderators originating from these criticisms in this meta-analysis.…”

Section: Issues With Moral Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral foundations and political orientation: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kivikangas

Fernández-Castilla

Järvelä

et al. 2021

Psychological Bulletin

110

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We investigate the findings that liberals and conservatives rely on different moral foundations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search from major databases and other sources for primary studies that used the Moral Foundations Questionnaire and a typical measure of political orientation, a political self-placement item. We used a predefined process for independent extraction of effect sizes by two authors and ran both study-level and individual-level analyses. With 89 samples, 605 effect sizes, and 33,804 independent participants, in addition to 192,870 participants from the widely used YourMorals.org website, the basic differences about conservatives and liberals are supported. However, heterogeneity is moderate, and the results may be less generalizable than previously thought. The effect sizes obtained from the YourMorals.org data appear inflated compared to independent samples, which is partly related political interest and may be due to selfselection. The association of moral foundations to political orientation varies culturally (between regions and countries) and subculturally (between White and Black respondents an in response to political interest, but not in relation to other demographics). The associations also differ depending on the choice of the social or economic dimension and its labeling, supporting both the bidimensional model of political orientation and the findings that the dimensions are often strongly correlated. Oue findings have implications for interpreting published studies, as well as designing new ones where the political aspect of morality is relevant. The results are primarily limited by the homogeneity of the measures and included studies in terms of sample origins. MORAL FOUNDATIONS AND POLITICAL ORIENTATION Meta-analysis on correlation studies (not experimental)

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“…In the current research, we focused on the superordinate distinction between binding and individualizing moral foundations. More work is needed to refine the model of the specific foundations underneath these superordinate dimensions (Iurino & Saucier, 2020), contrast it with alternatives (Curry, Chesters, & van Lissa, 2019), and investigate the associations between specific moral foundations and prosociality. Research that maps specific moral foundations to charitable causes, for instance, by framing charity appeals in terms of moral foundations (Winterich, Yinlong, & Mittal, 2012) or by distinguishing moral concerns directed at different in-groups and out-groups (Eriksson, Simpson, & Strimling, 2019;Voelkel & Brandt, 2019), would be particularly useful for determining the incremental validity of fine-grained models of moral intuitions.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral foundations theory and the psychology of charitable giving

Nilsson¹,

Erlandsson²,

Västfjäll³

2018

Preprint

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Moral foundations theory proposes that intuitions about what is morally right or wrong rest upon a set of universal foundations. Although this theory has generated a recent surge of research, few studies have investigated the real-world moral consequences of the postulated moral intuitions. We show that they are predictably associated with an important type of moral behaviour. Stronger individualizing intuitions (fairness and harm prevention) and weaker binding intuitions (loyalty, authority, and sanctity) were associated with the willingness to comply with a request to volunteer for charity and with the amount of self-reported donations to charity organizations. Among participants who complied with the request, individualizing intuitions predicted the allocation of donations to causes that benefit out-groups, whereas binding intuitions predicted the allocation of donations to causes that benefit the in-group. The associations between moral foundations and self-report measures of allocations in a hypothetical dilemma and concern with helping in-group and out-group victims were similar. Moral foundations predicted charitable giving over and above effects of political ideology, religiosity, and demographics, although variables within these categories also exhibited unique effects on charitable giving and accounted for a portion of the relationship between moral foundations and charitable giving.

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Mapping morality with a compass: Testing the theory of ‘morality-as-cooperation’ with a new questionnaire

Cited by 187 publications

References 99 publications

Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries

Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries

Moral foundations and political orientation: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Moral foundations theory and the psychology of charitable giving

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