Mapping Marginality Hotspots

Abstract

In this chapter the authors applied innovative Geographical Information Systems mapping techniques to illustrate spatial dimensions of marginality at continental and regional levels. They sought to make the marginalized and poor more visible by identifying areas where many poor people live under diffi cult biophysical and socio-economic conditions. A broad set of variables covering ecological, social, and economic dimensions were described using existing datasets to identify 'marginality hotspots' which were then overlaid with poverty distribution data. Areas where a high percentage of poor people coincided with marginality hotspots were found in Central and South East Africa, especially the northern parts of Niger and in Chad, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, and Burundi. Keywords Marginality • Poverty • GIS • Area identifi cation Why Do We Map Marginality?Maps are a powerful tool for presenting information in a way that is easily comprehensible by a non-specialist audience. Maps encourage visual comparison and make it easier to look for spatial trends, clusters or other patterns. Maps are therefore useful not only to governments and decision makers, but also to the local communities (Deichmann 1999 , 3).Historically the fi rst and still one of the most famous examples of using geospatial analysis for mapping causal linkages is the cholera map of London made in 1854. By mapping information about drinking water, pumps, and the number of cholera victims, John Snow, an English physician, identifi ed a positive relationship between

Identifying technology innovations for marginalized smallholders-A conceptual approach

“…For example, people living on $0.75 to $1 a day were defined as subjacent poor, those living on $0.50 to $0.75 a day, as medial poor and people living below 50 cents a day as ultra-poor [3]. A first approach to mapping global marginality hotspots was taken by [18] by making use of proxies representing spheres of life. Five so-called marginality dimensions were used to visualize global marginality hotspots.…”

Negotiating marginality: Towards an understanding of diverse development pathways of ethnic minorities in Vietnam

“…While the early literature on marginality that emerged in the 1930s focused on the lack of integration of the marginalised into dominant groups (Dunne, 2005), more recent scholars have addressed the linkages between marginality and poverty (Husmann, 2016; Kumar & Yashiro, 2014; Zulfiqar et al, 2014), considering marginality as the root cause (Callo‐Concha et al, 2014; Gatzweiler et al, 2011; von Braun & Gatzweiler, 2014) as well as a consequence of poverty (Gatzweiler & Baumüller, 2014). These perspectives prioritise structural and systemic circumstances which trap people in poverty and deprivation and explain marginality's fixed state or condition that a community or country is in using social, ecological or geographical (Gatzweiler et al, 2011; Graw & Husmann, 2014; Messerli et al, 2015; Timsina, 2002) and/or spatial factors (Husmann, 2016).…”

Mapa y jerarquía espacial de la pobreza en México. Un nuevo procedimiento para identificar el patrón espacial de los problemas sociales

“…La opción sugerida en este trabajo puede confrontarse con los procedimientos que utilizan valores críticos, como el utilizado por Sedesol (2013), o criterios mixtos (Graw y Husmann, 2014). Los resultados también podrían compararse con variaciones del procedimiento propuesto.…”

“…Las investigaciones que combinan magnitud e intensidad sólo consideran la concentración y omiten la aglomeración (Chainey y Desyllas, 2008;Van Den Heuvel et al, 2012y Graw y Husmann, 2014. Por una lado, en un estudio sobre el proceso de concentración de la criminalidad, Chainey y Desyllas (2008) combinan valores relativos (niveles alto, medio y bajo de la tasa de robos) y absolutos (niveles alto, medio y bajo del número de robos).…”