Mapping iron oxide Cu-Au (IOCG) mineral potential in Australia using a knowledge-driven mineral systems-based approach

Skirrow, Roger G.; Murr, J.; Schofield, A.; Huston, David L.; Wielen, S. van der; Czarnota, K.; Coghlan, R.A.; Highet, L.M.; Connolly, D. P.; Doublier, Michael P.; Duan, Jingming

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103011

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Romer, 1996;Frietsch et al, 1997;Edfelt et al, 2005;Bernal et al, 2017), and share broad lithological, structural, and alteration characteristics with other IOCG and IOA prospective terrains worldwide. For example, features such as variably distributed sodic and potassic alteration, the bimodal character of host volcanic rocks, the spatial proximity of deformation zones, and Cu-Au mineralization conform with the IOCG mineral system model defined by Skirrow et al (2019) and mimic the character of other IOCG-mineralized terrains in Brazil (e.g. deMelo et al, 2017;Craveiro et al, 2019), Australia (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…1.8 Ga granites and related hydrothermal activity (e.g. Bergman et al, 2001;Smith et al, 2009;Bauer et al, 2018). The D 4 event in Fig.…”

Section: Regional Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In detail, syn-orogenic "Svecofennian" sequences deposited between ca. 1.90 and 1.87 Ga represent a key stratigraphic horizon that locally hosts significant IOAand IOCG-style deposits (Romer et al, 1994;Edfelt et al, 2005;Smith et al, 2007;Wanhainen et al, 2012;Westhues et al, 2016). Both deposit types commonly occur within or immediately adjacent to large-scale deformation zones, which traverse and follow the supracrustal belts, suggesting these zones and their contained lithologies strongly influenced strain localization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…deMelo et al, 2017;Craveiro et al, 2019), Australia (e.g. Skirrow et al, 2019), Canada (e.g. Corriveau and Mumin, 2010;Corriveau et al, 2016),and Mauritania (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharaoh and Pearce, 1984;Forsell, 1987;Perdahl and Frietsch, 1993;Bergman et al, 2001) and local studies constraining the geological, geochemical, geophysical, and/or structural character of sequences hosting Fe and Cu ± Au deposits (e.g. Geijer, 1910Geijer, , 1920Geijer, , 1930Geijer, , 1950Parák, 1975;Edfelt et al, 2006;Sandrin and Elming, 2006;Smith et al, 2007;Wanhainen et al, 2012;Westhues et al, 2016Westhues et al, , 2017Bauer et al, 2018). With a few exceptions (Wright, 1988;Bergman et al, 2001;Grigull et al, 2018;Luth et al, 2018;Lynch et al, 2018a, b), regional compilations have tended to lack structural information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of structures and hydrothermal alteration in a Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal belt: Constraining paired deformation–fluid flow events in an Fe and Cu–Au prospective terrain in northern Sweden

Andersson

Lynch

2020

Solid Earth

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Abstract. An approximately 90 km long Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal belt in the northwestern Norrbotten ore province (northernmost Sweden) was investigated to characterize its structural components, assess hydrothermal alteration–structural geology correlations, and constrain a paired deformation–fluid flow evolution for the belt. New geological mapping of five key areas (Eustiljåkk, Ekströmsberg, Tjårrojåkka, Kaitum West, and Fjällåsen–Allavaara) indicates two major compressional events (D1 and D2) have affected the belt, with each associated with hydrothermal alteration types typical for iron oxide–apatite and iron oxide Cu–Au systems in the region. Early D1 generated a regionally distributed, penetrative S1 foliation and oblique reverse shear zones that show a southwest-block-up sense of shear that formed in response to NE–SW crustal shortening. Peak regional metamorphism at epidote–amphibolite facies broadly overlaps with this D1 event. Based on overprinting relationships, D1 is associated with regional scapolite ± albite, magnetite + amphibole, and late calcite alteration of mafic rock types. These hydrothermal mineral associations linked to D1 structures may form part of a regionally pervasive evolving fluid flow event but are separated in this study by crosscutting relationships. During D2 deformation, folding of S0–S1 structures generated F2 folds with steeply plunging fold axes in low-strain areas. NNW-trending D1 shear zones experienced reverse dip-slip reactivation and strike-slip-dominated movements along steep, E–W-trending D2 shear zones, producing brittle-plastic structures. Hydrothermal alteration linked to D2 structures is a predominantly potassic–ferroan association comprising K-feldspar ± epidote ± quartz ± biotite ± magnetite ± sericite ± sulfides. Locally, syn- or post-tectonic calcite is the main alteration mineral in D2 shear zones that intersect mafic rocks. Our results highlight the importance of combining structural geology with the study of hydrothermal alterations at regional to belt scales to understand the temporal–spatial relationship between mineralized systems. Based on the mapping results and microstructural investigations as well as a review of earlier tectonic models presented for adjacent areas, we suggest a new structural model for this part of the northern Fennoscandian Shield. The new model emphasizes the importance of reactivation of early structures, and the model harmonizes with tectonic models presented by earlier workers based mainly on petrology of the northern Norrbotten area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…1.8 Ga granites and related hydrothermal activity (e.g. Bergman et al, 2001;Smith et al, 2009;Bauer et al, 2018). The D 4 event in Fig.…”

Section: Regional Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…deMelo et al, 2017;Craveiro et al, 2019), Australia (e.g. Skirrow et al, 2019), Canada (e.g. Corriveau and Mumin, 2010;Corriveau et al, 2016),and Mauritania (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of structures and hydrothermal alteration in a Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal belt: Constraining paired deformation–fluid flow events in an Fe and Cu–Au prospective terrain in northern Sweden

Andersson

Lynch

2020

Solid Earth

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Uncertainties in GIS-Based Mineral Prospectivity Mapping: Key Types, Potential Impacts and Possible Solutions

et al. 2021

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Cobalt Prospectivity Using a Conceptual Fuzzy Logic Overlay Method Enhanced with the Mineral Systems Approach

Nykänen,

Törmänen,

Niiranen

2023

Nat Resour Res

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This paper describes mineral prospectivity research conducted in Finland to predict favorable areas for cobalt exploration using the “fuzzy logic overlay” method in a GIS platform and public geodata of the Geological Survey of Finland. Cobalt occurs infrequently as a core product in mineral deposits. Therefore, we decided to construct separate conceptual mineral prospectivity models within the Northern Fennoscandian Shield, Finland, for four deposit types: (1) “Orthomagmatic Ni–Cu–Co sulfide deposits,” (2) “Outokumpu-type mantle peridotite-associated volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)-style Cu–Co–Zn–Ni–Ag–Au deposits,” (3) “Talvivaara black shale-hosted Ni–Zn–Cu–Co-type deposits” and (4) “Kuusamo-type (orogenic gold with atypical metal association) Au–Co–Cu–U–LREE deposits”. In addition, we created a model combining till geochemical data with data derived from bedrock drilling and mineral indications, including boulders and outcrops. The mineral prospectivity models were statistically tested with the “receiver operating characteristics” method using exploration drilling data from known mineral deposits as validation sites. In addition, the predictive performance of the models was evaluated by using success rate curves, where the number of previously identified deposits was compared with the area coverage of the predicted highly favorable areas. These results indicate that the knowledge-driven mineral prospectivity method using parameters derived from mineral systems models is effective in defining favorable exploration target areas at the regional scale. This study's innovation lies in its comprehension of the process of evaluating mineral prospectivity when the commodity of interest is not the primary commodity within the mineral system.

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Mapping iron oxide Cu-Au (IOCG) mineral potential in Australia using a knowledge-driven mineral systems-based approach

Cited by 41 publications

References 63 publications

Evolution of structures and hydrothermal alteration in a Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal belt: Constraining paired deformation–fluid flow events in an Fe and Cu–Au prospective terrain in northern Sweden

Evolution of structures and hydrothermal alteration in a Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal belt: Constraining paired deformation–fluid flow events in an Fe and Cu–Au prospective terrain in northern Sweden

Uncertainties in GIS-Based Mineral Prospectivity Mapping: Key Types, Potential Impacts and Possible Solutions

Cobalt Prospectivity Using a Conceptual Fuzzy Logic Overlay Method Enhanced with the Mineral Systems Approach

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