Mapping human health risk from exposure to potential toxic metal contamination in groundwater of Lower Dir, Pakistan: Application of multivariate and geographical information system

Khan

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study evaluates the characteristics of water along the Swat River, Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples (n = 30) were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters including heavy metals (HM). The mean concentrations of physicochemical parameters and HM were within the drinking water guideline values set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011) except 34%, 60%, and 56% of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb), respectively. Pollution sources were identified by various multivariate statistical techniques including correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) indicating different origins both naturally and anthropogenically. Results of the water quality index (WQI) ranged from 13.58 to 209 with an average value of 77 suggesting poor water quality for drinking and domestic purposes. The poor water quality was mainly related to high sodium (alkalinity) and salinity hazards showing > 27% and 20% water samples have poor alkalinity and salinity hazards, respectively. Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were used to determine the health risk of HM in the study area. For water-related health risk, HQingestion, HQdermal, and HI values were > 1, indicating noncarcinogenic health risk (NCR) posed by these HM to the exposed population.

Section: Spatial Distribution Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Swat River, Northern Pakistan, water quality using multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index (WQI) model

Jehan

Khan

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…To evaluate the adsorption abilities of NICs adsorbents, batch adsorption experiments were performed using 250 mL conical flasks containing 100 mL of working solutions. The influence of operating parameters such as time (10-120 min), NICs amount (0.1-0.5 g), dye concentration (100-350 mg/L), and pH (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) on MG dye remediation was investigated in batch studies. Typically, 0.1 g of NICs and MG solution (100 mL) with the desired pH and concentration were added to a 250 mL conical flask and stirred continuously.…”

Section: Batch Adsorption Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, planners, environmental scientists, and decision-makers have been paying attention to sustainable resource development [1]. Within these resources, water is the most precious renewable natural resource, is the essential enabler, and a major source of survival of life [2,3]. Groundwater is the most important source of drinking water in the world [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye onto Mesoporous Natural Inorganic Clays: Their Equilibrium Isotherm and Kinetics Studies

Rahman

et al. 2021

Water

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Contamination of water with organic dyes is a major environmental concern as it causes serious life-threatening environmental problems. The present research was designed to evaluate the potential of three different natural inorganic clays (NICs) i.e., Pakistani bentonite clay (PB), bentonite purchased from Alfa Aesar (BT), and Turkish red mud (RM) for malachite green (MG) dye removal from an aqueous solution. Various analytical techniques, namely X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurement (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were used to investigate the physicochemical properties of the NICs samples. The effect of adsorption operational parameters such as contact time, aqueous phase pH, dye concentration, and amount of NICs on the adsorption behavior of MG onto NICs samples were investigated under the batch adsorption system. The equilibrium and kinetic inspection reflected the best description of MG adsorption behavior by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-first-order kinetic model, respectively. The results indicated that the adsorption was favorable at higher pH. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated by Langmuir isotherm for PB, BT, and RM were found to be 243.90 mg/g, 188.68 mg/g, and 172.41 mg/g, respectively. It can be concluded that natural inorganic clays with a higher surface area can be used as an effective adsorbent material to remove the MG dye from an aqueous solution.

Pak J Anal Environ Chem

“…For adults, children, and infants, default values for the measurement of chronic daily intake are provided in Table 1. These parameters were adopted from work reported previously [30]. However, the human health risk assessment was calculated using arsenic daily intake (ADI) using the equation:…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Arsenic and Cadmium in Groundwater of Talukas Ghorabari and Mirpur Sakro, Sindh, Pakistan

Shar

Wassan³

et al. 2021

The current study was carried out for quantitative and risk assessment of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) from Talukas Ghora Bari and Mirpur Sakro. The concentration of Cd was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy instrument. The As concentration was measured with the help of the Arsenic Kit Method. For analysis of Cd, samples were prepared by the Microwave digestion method, whereas for As analysis, water samples were analyzed directly. The range of Cd content was observed from the studied areas as 1 – 10 μg/L and 1.2 – 11.2 μg/L, respectively. The groundwater water of Talukas Ghorabari and Mirpur Sakro showed the mean Cd content of 5 μg/L and 6.1 μg/L, respectively. The Cd contamination of 56% and 80% was found in Ghorabari and Mirpur Sakro, respectively. The range of As content of 0.00 – 50 μg/L and 10 – 80 μg/L was determined from Ghorabari and Mirpur Sakro, respectively. Hazard Quotient for Cd > 1 was found in 40% of both children and infants in the groundwater of the study area, which may cause non-carcinogenic risk. About 48% of water samples declared HQ values > 1 for adults in the water of Ghorabari. Since 84% of samples showed the HQ values > 1 for children and infants. The HQ values of As for Adults of the Mirpur Sakro were observed in 63.3% samples, whereas for children and infants, HQ values were found in 100% samples. It is therefore strongly recommended that groundwater must be treated before consumption by the people of the area under study.