Mapping Flowering Time Gene Homologs in Soybean and Their Association with Maturity () Loci

Tasma, I Made; Shoemaker, R. C.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2003.0319

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…This result indicates that, unlike the Arabidopsis CRY2 EDI allele (25), genetic variations causing the latitudinal cline in the GmCRY1a protein expression may be better explained by structure variations not readily discernable at the amino acid sequences, at least for the cultivars examined. Consistent with our hypothesis, none of the QTL associated with photoperiodic flowering in soybean has been mapped to the chromosome location near a GmCRY gene (41). Therefore, we are compelled to speculate that the natural variations of genes involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, such as components of the phytochrome signal transduction, the circadian clock, mRNA export, protein translation, modification, or degradation, are likely involved in determining the latitudinal cline in the circadian rhythmic expression of the GmCRY1a apoprotein and in photoperiodic flowering of soybean.…”

Section: Association Of the Circadian Rhythmic Expression Of Gmcry1a Andsupporting

confidence: 87%

Association of the circadian rhythmic expression of GmCRY1a with a latitudinal cline in photoperiodic flowering of soybean

Zhang

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

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Photoperiodic control of flowering time is believed to affect latitudinal distribution of plants. The blue light receptor CRY2 regulates photoperiodic flowering in the experimental model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it is unclear whether genetic variations affecting cryptochrome activity or expression is broadly associated with latitudinal distribution of plants. We report here an investigation of the function and expression of two cryptochromes in soybean, GmCRY1a and GmCRY2a. Soybean is a short-day (SD) crop commonly cultivated according to the photoperiodic sensitivity of cultivars. Both cultivated soybean (Glycine max) and its wild relative (G. soja) exhibit a strong latitudinal cline in photoperiodic flowering. Similar to their Arabidopsis counterparts, both GmCRY1a and GmCRY2a affected blue light inhibition of cell elongation, but only GmCRY2a underwent blue light-and 26S proteasome-dependent degradation. However, in contrast to Arabidopsis cryptochromes, soybean GmCRY1a, but not GmCRY2a, exhibited a strong activity promoting floral initiation, and the level of protein expression of GmCRY1a, but not GmCRY2a, oscillated with a circadian rhythm that has different phase characteristics in different photoperiods. Consistent with the hypothesis that GmCRY1a is a major regulator of photoperiodic flowering in soybean, the photoperiod-dependent circadian rhythmic expression of the GmCRY1a protein correlates with photoperiodic flowering and latitudinal distribution of soybean cultivars. We propose that genes affecting protein expression of the GmCRY1a protein play an important role in determining latitudinal distribution of soybeans.blue light ͉ cryptochrome ͉ photoperiodism ͉ photoreceptor

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Section: Association Of the Circadian Rhythmic Expression Of Gmcry1a Andsupporting

confidence: 87%

Association of the circadian rhythmic expression of GmCRY1a with a latitudinal cline in photoperiodic flowering of soybean

Zhang

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

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“…Although Tasma et al (2003) mapped flowering time gene homologs of Arabidopsis in soybean, most of them were not associated with E loci. Therefore, further analyses should be performed to identify QTLs for flowering time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of QTLs for Reproductive Development and Seed Quality Traits in Soybean using Recombinant Inbred Lines

et al. 2004

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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is the most important leguminous crop in the world due to the high contents of protein and oil, and accumulation of various physiologically active substances. However, most of the genomic and economic traits in soybean are quantitative, controlled by multiple genes and easily affected by environmental conditions. Based on recombinant inbred lines (F 8 ), a genetic linkage map with 177 RFLP, 150 SSR, 28 AFLP markers and 5 phenotypic markers was constructed. The map covered a distance of 2663.6 cM of the soybean genome comprising 20 linkage groups. The average distance between two adjacent marker loci was 7.89 cM. In this population, we detected thirty-nine QTLs for all the reproductive development and seed quality traits investigated, that is, three for flowering time (FT1-3), four for maturity (HAV1-4), three for reproductive period (RP1-3), three for seed hardness (RAS1-3), five for viability of seed (VIS1-5), four for germination rate of seed (GRS1-4), five for water absorbability of seed (WAS1-5) and twelve QTLs for seed weight (SWE1-6 and SWH1-6). Out of these QTLs, twenty-eight were detected in nearly the same regions of the linkage map by both IM (interval mapping) and CIM (composite interval mapping) analysis. The proportion of variance explained of these QTLs ranged from 3.4 % to 67.1 %. Epistatic interactions were detected among various QTLs. Especially there was a strong interaction among the effects of FT1 and FT2, and FT1 and FT3. Multiple correlation coefficients between FT1 and FT2, and FT1 and FT3 accounted for 79.6 % and 74.1 % of the phenotypic variation of flowering time, respectively.

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“…However, the genetic variations affecting the circadian expression pattern remain unsolved and are suggested to reside outside of the GmCRY1a gene itself (Zhang et al, 2008). Actually, there are no known major genes or quantitative trait loci for flowering around the mapped positions of the CRY family (Matsumura et al, 2009) and PHYB genes (Tasma and Shoemaker, 2003), suggesting that neither CRY nor PHYB genes contributed significantly to the diversification of flowering behavior in soybean. Our data rather support the idea that two PHYA genes, GmPHYA2 (E4) and GmPHYA3 (E3), mainly contribute to diverse responses of flowering to LDs.…”

Section: Gmft2a and Gmft5a Expression Is Controlled By Phya-mediated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Coordinately Regulated Homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T Are Involved in the Control of Photoperiodic Flowering in Soybean

et al. 2010

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FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a key flowering integrator in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), with homologs that encode florigens in many plant species regardless of the type of photoperiodic response. We identified 10 FT homologs, which were arranged as five pairs of linked genes in different homoeologous chromosomal regions, in soybean (Glycine max), a paleopolyploid species. Two of the FT homologs, GmFT2a and GmFT5a, were highly up-regulated under short-day (SD) conditions (inductive for flowering in soybean) and had diurnal expression patterns with the highest expression 4 h after dawn. Under long-day (LD) conditions, expression of GmFT2a and GmFT5a was down-regulated and did not follow a diurnal pattern. Flowering took much longer to initiate under LD than under SD, and only the GmFT5a transcript accumulated late in development under LD. Ectopic expression analysis in Arabidopsis confirmed that both GmFT2a and GmFT5a had the same function as Arabidopsis FT, but the effect of GmFT5a was more prominent. A double-mutant soybean line for two PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA) genes expressed high levels of GmFT2a and GmFT5a under LD, and it flowered slightly earlier under LD than the wild type grown under SD. The expression levels of GmFT2a and GmFT5a were regulated by the PHYAmediated photoperiodic regulation system, and the GmFT5a expression was also regulated by a photoperiod-independent system in LD. Taken together, our results suggest that GmFT2a and GmFT5a coordinately control flowering and enable the adaptation of soybean to a wide range of photoperiodic environments.

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Mapping Flowering Time Gene Homologs in Soybean and Their Association with Maturity () Loci

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Association of the circadian rhythmic expression of GmCRY1a with a latitudinal cline in photoperiodic flowering of soybean

Association of the circadian rhythmic expression of GmCRY1a with a latitudinal cline in photoperiodic flowering of soybean

Analysis of QTLs for Reproductive Development and Seed Quality Traits in Soybean using Recombinant Inbred Lines

Two Coordinately Regulated Homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T Are Involved in the Control of Photoperiodic Flowering in Soybean

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