Mapping female bodily features of attractiveness

Bovet, Jeanne; Lao, Junpeng; Bartholomée, Océane; Caldara, Roberto; Raymond, Michel

doi:10.1038/srep18551

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…This corresponds to the previously mentioned unrealistic slim-thick body image [ 13 ]. This WHR of around 0.65 from influencers on Instagram is less than the previously idealized 0.7 that is mentioned in the literature [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The study participants’ preferred a WHR that broadly matched those of the fitness influencers, but not when Japan is viewed in isolation, where a participant-preferred WHR of 0.738 was found compared with the influencer’s WHR of 0.685.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

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Interethnic Influencing Factors Regarding Buttocks Body Image in Women from Nigeria, Germany, USA and Japan

Wallner

Kruber

Adebayo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Body image research deals a lot with awareness of the body as an entity. Studies that consider individual anatomical aspects and place them in an intercultural context are rarely present. Methods: For this purpose, general data, body perception and judgment of body images from 2163 (48% female and 52% male) participants from Germany, Nigeria, the USA and Japan were evaluated as part of a survey. Results: There were clear differences in the personal body image of the participants’ own buttocks, the buttocks as a beauty ideal and the way in which dissatisfaction was dealt with in different countries. In addition to sexual well-being (importance score: 0.405 a.u.), the country of origin (0.353), media consumption (0.042) and one’s own weight (0.069) were also identified as influencing factors for satisfaction with one’s own buttocks. A clear evolution could be derived regarding a WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) of well below 0.7, which was consistently favored by the participants but also propagated by influencers through images (p < 0.001). In this context, participants who indicated celebrities as role models for the buttocks showed a correspondingly high level of dissatisfaction with their own buttocks (R = −0.207, p < 0.001, ρ = −0.218). Conclusion: Overall, a highly significant correlation was shown between the consumption frequency of Instagram, TikTok and pornography with the negative perception of women’s own buttocks.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Therefore, an assumption can be made that the WHR is a universal transcultural dogma. Actually, a preference for a WHR of 0.7 was shown in many cultures [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. A study of pre-industrial people in Tanzania showed a preference for heavier women and the WHR played a minor role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interethnic Influencing Factors Regarding Buttocks Body Image in Women from Nigeria, Germany, USA and Japan

Wallner

Kruber

Adebayo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…One can argue that dieting in an obesogenic environment is an adaptive strategy for women approaching reproductive age to maximize their attractiveness. 63 , 64 The increasing rates of “muscularity-oriented eating disorders” in men are consistent with this hypothesis, as strength and fitness are important sexual selection pressures for males. 65 , 66 However, although dieting is very common, additional vulnerability factors are necessary for the development of eating disorders.…”

Section: Epidemiological Link Between the Obesity Epidemic And Eatingmentioning

confidence: 60%

The Western diet: a blind spot of eating disorder research?—a narrative review and recommendations for treatment and research

Ayton

Ibrahim

2019

Nutrition Reviews

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Over the last 50 years, in parallel with the obesity epidemic, the prevalence of eating disorders has increased and presentations have changed. In this narrative review, we consider recent research exploring the implications of changing patterns of food consumption on metabolic and neurobiological pathways, a hitherto neglected area in eating disorder research. One of the major changes over this time has been the introduction of ultra-processed (NOVA-4) foods, which are gradually replacing unprocessed and minimally processed foods. This has resulted in the increased intake of various sugars and food additives worldwide, which has important metabolic consequences: triggering insulin and glucose response, stimulating appetite, and affecting multiple endocrine and neurobiological pathways, as well as the microbiome. A paradigm shift is needed in the conceptual framework by which the vulnerability to, and maintenance of, different eating disorders may be understood, by integrating recent knowledge of the individual metabolic responses to modern highly processed foods into existing psychological models. This could stimulate research and improve treatment outcomes.

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“…We consider first a subset of participants from Bovet, Lao, Bartholomée, Caldara, & Raymond, (2016), as a demonstration bootstrap-clustering approach (Algorithm 2) thresholds on cluster extent. Notice that the FWERs of panels a and b are computed at the pixel level (i.e., the proportions of false-positive pixels across simulations), and the FWERs of panels c and d are calculated at the test level (i.e., the percentages of any false positives per test for the 1,000 simulations).…”

Section: Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

iMap4: An open source toolbox for the statistical fixation mapping of eye movement data with linear mixed modeling

et al. 2016

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A major challenge in modern eye movement research is to statistically map where observers are looking, by isolating the significant differences between groups and conditions. As compared to the signals from contemporary neuroscience measures, such as magneto/electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging, eye movement data are sparser, with much larger variations in space across trials and participants. As a result, the implementation of a conventional linear modeling approach on two-dimensional fixation distributions often returns unstable estimations and underpowered results, leaving this statistical problem unresolved (Liversedge, Gilchrist, & Everling, 2011). Here, we present a new version of the iMap toolbox (Caldara & Miellet, 2011) that tackles this issue by implementing a statistical framework comparable to those developed in state-ofthe-art neuroimaging data-processing toolboxes. iMap4 uses univariate, pixel-wise linear mixed models on smoothed fixation data, with the flexibility of coding for multiple betweenand within-subjects comparisons and performing all possible linear contrasts for the fixed effects (main effects, interactions, etc.). Importantly, we also introduced novel nonparametric tests based on resampling, to assess statistical significance.Finally, we validated this approach by using both experimental and Monte Carlo simulation data. iMap4 is a freely available MATLAB open source toolbox for the statistical fixation mapping of eye movement data, with a user-friendly interface providing straightforward, easy-to-interpret statistical graphical outputs. iMap4 matches the standards of robust statistical neuroimaging methods and represents an important step in the data-driven processing of eye movement fixation data, an important field of vision sciences.Keywords Eye movement analysis . Statistical mapping . Linear mixed models Human beings constantly move the eyes to sample visual information of interest from the environment. Eye fixations deliver inputs with the highest resolution to the human visual cortex from the fovea, as well as blurry, low-spatial-frequency information from peripheral vision (Rayner, 1998). Thus, isolating statistically where and how long fixations are deployed to process visual information is of particular interest to behavioral researchers, psychologists, and neuroscientists. Moreover, fixation mapping has a wide range of practical applications in determining marketing strategies and the understanding of consumer behaviour (Duchowski, 2002).Conventional eye movement data analyses rely on the estimation of probabilities of occurrence of fixations and saccades (or their characteristics, such as duration or length) within predefined regions of interest (ROIs), which are at best defined a priori-but often also defined a posteriori, on the basis of data exploration, which inflates the Type I error rate.

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Mapping female bodily features of attractiveness

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Interethnic Influencing Factors Regarding Buttocks Body Image in Women from Nigeria, Germany, USA and Japan

Interethnic Influencing Factors Regarding Buttocks Body Image in Women from Nigeria, Germany, USA and Japan

The Western diet: a blind spot of eating disorder research?—a narrative review and recommendations for treatment and research

iMap4: An open source toolbox for the statistical fixation mapping of eye movement data with linear mixed modeling

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