Mapping Cone- and Rod-Induced Retinal Responsiveness in Macaque Retina by Optical Imaging

Tsunoda, Kazushige; Oguchi, Yoshihisa; Hanazono, Gen; Tanifuji, Manabu

doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0394

Cited by 76 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Other functional imaging techniques of the retina include intrinsic optical imaging, 47 laser Doppler flowmetry, 42 laser speckle imaging, 48,49 and depth-resolved functional optical coherence tomography. 50,51 Intrinsic optical imaging measures reflectance associated with visual stimulation, albeit without laminar resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer-Specific Manganese-Enhanced MRI of the Retina in Light and Dark Adaptation

Garza

Shih

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer-Specific Manganese-Enhanced MRI of the Retina in Light and Dark Adaptation

Garza

Shih

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Physiologic respiratory challenges with oxygen or carbogen modulate tissue oxygenation, as measured by oxygen polarographic electrodes (27). Visual stimulation modulates optical absorption and͞or scattering as detected by intrinsic optical imaging (3,34). Finally, visual-evoked BOLD fMRI of the retina (28) has been reported.…”

Section: Vascular Couplings and Bold Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional MRI reveals multiple retinal layers

Cheng

Nair

Walker³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

234

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MRI is a noninvasive diagnostic modality that reveals anatomy, physiology, and function in vivo without depth limitation or optical interference. MRI application to the retina, however, remains challenging. We improved spatial resolution to resolve layerspecific structure and functional responses in the retina and confirmed the laminar resolution in an established animal model of retinal degeneration. Structural MRI of normal rat retinas revealed three bands corresponding histologically to (i) the combined ganglion cell layer͞inner nuclear layer plus the embedded retinal vessels, (ii) the avascular outer nuclear (photoreceptor) layer and its photoreceptor segments, and (iii) the choroidal vascular layer. Imaging with an intravascular contrast agent (gadolinium-diethylene-tri-amine-pentaacetic acid) enhanced the retinal and choroidal vascular layers bounding the retina, but not the avascular outer nuclear layer and the vitreous. Similarly, blood-oxygen-leveldependent (BOLD) functional MRI revealed layer-specific responses to hyperoxia and hypercapnia. Importantly, layer-specific BOLD responses in the two vascular layers were divergent, suggesting the two vasculatures are differentially regulated. To corroborate sensitivity and specificity, we applied layer-specific MRI to document photoreceptor degeneration in Royal College of Surgeons rats. Consistent with histology, layer-specific MRI detected degeneration of the outer nuclear layer. Surprisingly, MRI revealed increased thickness in the choroidal vascular layer and diminished BOLD responses to hyperoxia and hypercapnia in the Royal College of Surgeons rat retinas, suggesting perturbation of vascular reactivity secondary to photoreceptor loss. We conclude that MRI is a powerful investigative tool capable of resolving lamina-specific structures and functional responses in the retina as well as probing lamina-specific changes in retinal diseases.columnar resolution ͉ high-resolution functional MRI ͉ lamina-specific MRI ͉ retinal degeneration

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“…Changes in oxygen saturation have been measured in response to retinal stimulation using fundus reflectometry [95]. Other studies demonstrated changes in retinal reflectance in response to a flash stimulus that correlated with multifocal ERG [96]. While these fundus imaging techniques provide good spatial resolution in the transverse direction, they do not have depth resolving capability.…”

Section: Functional Retinal Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Technologies for Ultrahigh Resolution and Functional Optical Coherence Tomography

Fujimoto¹

2008

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Mapping Cone- and Rod-Induced Retinal Responsiveness in Macaque Retina by Optical Imaging

Cited by 76 publications

References 43 publications

Layer-Specific Manganese-Enhanced MRI of the Retina in Light and Dark Adaptation

Layer-Specific Manganese-Enhanced MRI of the Retina in Light and Dark Adaptation

Structural and functional MRI reveals multiple retinal layers

Advanced Technologies for Ultrahigh Resolution and Functional Optical Coherence Tomography

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