Mapping Brain Region Activity during Chewing: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Onozuka, Minoru; Fujita, M.; Watanabe, Kazuko; Hirano, Yoshiyuki; Niwa, M.; Nishiyama, K.; Saito, S.

doi:10.1177/154405910208101104

Cited by 165 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In previous fMRI reports, in which isotonic muscle contraction was performed with gum-chewing and tooth-tapping tasks, much wider areas of activation were demonstrated in the cortex than in isometric contraction tasks. 13,21,22,24,29 Additionally, no major differences were observed in brain activity within low levels of tooth clenching with controlled force. 30 Quintero et al 24 investigated brain activity during gum-chewing task and found activation in the cerebellum, which is involved in the co-ordination and rhythmicity of oral functions as well as activity in the cortical and subcortical areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 In first-step data analysis for each participant, we calculated BOLD signal changes between clenching and rest blocks and observed activation pattern in the cortical mastication area as described in previous studies (Figures 2 and 4). [21][22][23][24] Byrd et al 14 compared self-reporting patients with bruxism and the control group using fMRI. They found hypoactivation in the motor cortex (supplementary motor area, sensorymotor area and rolandic operculum) and the subcortical (caudate) areas in patients with bruxism in parafunctional movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To see bruxism: a functional MRI study

Yılmaz

2015

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objective: Since the pathophysiology of bruxism is not clearly understood, there exists no possible treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the cerebral activation differences between healthy subjects and patients with bruxism on behalf of possible aetiological factors. Methods: 12 healthy subjects and 12 patients with bruxism, a total of 24 right-handed female subjects (aged 20-27 years) were examined using functional MRI during tooth-clenching and resting tasks. Imaging was performed with 3.0-T MRI scanner with a 32-channel head coil. Differences in regional brain activity between patients with bruxism and healthy subjects (control group) were observed with BrainVoyager QX 2.8 (Brain Innovation, Maastricht, Netherlands) statistical data analysis program. Activation maps were created using the general linear model: single study and multistudy multisubject for statistical group analysis. This protocol was approved by the ethics committee of medical faculty of Kirikkale University, Turkey (02/04), based on the guidelines set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: The group analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in blood oxygenation level-dependent signal of three clusters in the control group (p , 0.005), which may indicate brain regions related with somatognosis, repetitive passive motion, proprioception and tactile perception. These areas coincide with Brodmann areas 7, 31, 39 and 40. It is conceivable that there are differences between healthy subjects and patients with bruxism. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that there was a decrease of cortical activation pattern in patients with bruxism in clenching tasks. This indicates decreased blood flow and activation in regional neuronal activity. Bruxism, as an oral motor disorder concerns dentistry, neurology and psychiatry. These results might improve the understanding and physiological handling of sleep bruxism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To see bruxism: a functional MRI study

Yılmaz

2015

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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“…For example, human studies have revealed that altered dentitional states including tooth loss and their restoration are accompanied by widespread structural and functional brain changes in regions involved in processing and controlling sensory, motor, cognitive and emotional functions (Yan et al, 2008; Ono et al, 2010; Luraschi et al, 2013; Ohkubo et al, 2013; Shoi et al, 2014). In addition, such changes also occur following training and learning of oral motor skills, as well as in chronic orofacial pain conditions (Momose et al, 1997; Onozuka et al, 2002; Jiang et al, 2010, 2015; Arima et al, 2011; Gerstner et al, 2011; Gustin et al, 2011; Moayedi et al, 2011; Weissman-Fogel et al, 2011; Desouza et al, 2013). However, the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms underlying these structural and functional changes are unclear but can be elucidated by utilizing brain imaging techniques in animals along with other invasive techniques such as electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread Volumetric Brain Changes following Tooth Loss in Female Mice

et al. 2017

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Tooth loss is associated with altered sensory, motor, cognitive and emotional functions. These changes vary highly in the population and are accompanied by structural and functional changes in brain regions mediating these functions. It is unclear to what extent this variability in behavior and function is caused by genetic and/or environmental determinants and which brain regions undergo structural plasticity that mediates these changes. Thus, the overall goal of our research program is to identify genetic variants that control structural and functional plasticity following tooth loss. As a step toward this goal, here our aim was to determine whether structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) is sensitive to detect quantifiable volumetric differences in the brains of mice of different genetic background receiving tooth extraction or sham operation. We used 67 adult female mice of 7 strains, comprising the A/J (A) and C57BL/6J (B) strains and a randomly selected sample of 5 of the 23 AXB-BXA strains (AXB1, AXB4, AXB24, BXA14, BXA24) that were produced from the A and B parental mice by recombinations and inbreeding. This panel of 25 inbred strains of genetically diverse inbred strains of mice is used for mapping chromosomal intervals throughout the genome that harbor candidate genes controlling the phenotypic variance of any trait under study. Under general anesthesia, 39 mice received extraction of 3 right maxillary molar teeth and 28 mice received sham operation. On post-extraction day 21, post-mortem whole-brain high-resolution sMRI was used to quantify the volume of 160 brain regions. Compared to sham operation, tooth extraction was associated with a significantly reduced regional and voxel-wise volumes of cortical brain regions involved in processing somatosensory, motor, cognitive and emotional functions, and increased volumes in subcortical sensorimotor and temporal limbic forebrain regions including the amygdala. Additionally, comparison of the 10 BXA14 and 21 BXA24 mice revealed significant volumetric differences between the two strains in several brain regions. These findings highlight the utility of high-resolution sMRI for studying tooth loss-induced structural brain plasticity in mice, and provide a foundation for further phenotyping structural brain changes following tooth loss in the full AXB-BXA panel to facilitate mapping genes that control brain plasticity following orofacial injury.

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“…Previous fMRI studies on gum chewing focused on the percentage of changes in fMRI signals, [1][2][3][4] although the pixel counts were not measured across slices. The present study showed an increase in the spatial extent of fMRI signals in the primary sensorimotor cortex with an increasing magnitude of bite force.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Brain activation associated with gum chewing results in an increase in fMRI signals; however, the factors that influence motor cortex activity have not been fully elucidated. Chewing is a complicated movement that involves opening and closing of the mouth and includes several parameters, such as the force, direction, and speed of chewing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of bite force strength on brain activity: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Kanayama

Miyamoto

Yokoyama

et al. 2015

JBGC

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In recent years, functional magnetic resonance imaging has been used to determine the interaction between chewing and brain activity. However, the factors influencing the activity of the motor cortex have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the influence of the magnitude of bite force on brain activity. Fifteen right-handed healthy subjects (24-32 years; mean age, 27.8 years) were included. Sustained, constant clenching with small and large forces comprised the motor task. The spatial extent of the functional magnetic resonance imaging signal in the primary sensorimotor cortex increased with an increasing bite force in all subjects. These findings indicated the possibility of measuring the activated area in the primary sensorimotor cortex during clenching using functional magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed that the brain activity was related to the magnitude of the bite force.

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Mapping Brain Region Activity during Chewing: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Cited by 165 publications

References 14 publications

To see bruxism: a functional MRI study

To see bruxism: a functional MRI study

Widespread Volumetric Brain Changes following Tooth Loss in Female Mice

The influence of bite force strength on brain activity: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

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