Mapping brain activity of gut-brain signaling to appetite and satiety in healthy adults: A systematic review and functional neuroimaging meta-analysis

Althubeati, Sarah; Avery, Amanda; Tench, Christopher R.; Lobo, Dileep N.; Salter, Andrew M.; Eldeghaidy, Sally

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104603

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Although we did not find any relation between blood glucose levels and the magnitude of hypothalamic reactivity, we were able to replicate previous findings of a relation between fasting plasma insulin concentrations and hypothalamic reactivity following glucose ingestion [ 29 , 30 ]. Insulin is an important hormone that signals satiety to the hypothalamus and is also involved in non-homeostatic aspects of food intake [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Hypothalamic Reactivity and Connectivity following Intravenous Glucose Administration

Simon

Lang

Rommerskirchen

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Dysfunctional glucose sensing in homeostatic brain regions such as the hypothalamus is interlinked with the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the physiology and pathophysiology of glucose sensing and neuronal homeostatic regulation remain insufficiently understood. To provide a better understanding of glucose signaling to the brain, we assessed the responsivity of the hypothalamus (i.e., the core region of homeostatic control) and its interaction with mesocorticolimbic brain regions in 31 normal-weight, healthy participants. We employed a single-blind, randomized, crossover design of the intravenous infusion of glucose and saline during fMRI. This approach allows to investigate glucose signaling independent of digestive processes. Hypothalamic reactivity and connectivity were assessed using a pseudo-pharmacological design and a glycemia-dependent functional connectivity analysis, respectively. In line with previous studies, we observed a hypothalamic response to glucose infusion which was negatively related to fasting insulin levels. The observed effect size was smaller than in previous studies employing oral or intragastric administration of glucose, demonstrating the important role of the digestive process in homeostatic signaling. Finally, we were able to observe hypothalamic connectivity with reward-related brain regions. Given the small amount of glucose employed, this points toward a high responsiveness of these regions to even a small energy stimulus in healthy individuals. Our study highlights the intricate relationship between homeostatic and reward-related systems and their pronounced sensitivity to subtle changes in glycemia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Hypothalamic Reactivity and Connectivity following Intravenous Glucose Administration

Simon

Lang

Rommerskirchen

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…A recent meta-analysis study of functional MRI (fMRI) findings reported associations between appetite scores and changes in caudate, amygdala, hippocampus, and orbitofrontal cortex activation. 30 Over the 2-year interval of follow up, higher levels of apathy were associated with higher volume loss (lower volume) of the right caudate nucleus. Previous neuroimaging studies in AD patients have shown an association between apathy and reduced activity of frontalexecutive and corticolimbic circuits including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral areas of the caudate nucleus and putamen, anterior cingulate cortex, and posterior parietal cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and brain morphology in patients with mild cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease and Parkinson disease: A cross sectional and longitudinal study

Rashidi‐Ranjbar,

Churchill,

Black

et al. 2024

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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ObjectivesNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) increase risk of developing dementia and are linked to various neurodegenerative conditions, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI due to Alzheimer's disease [AD]), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). We explored the structural neural correlates of NPS cross‐sectionally and longitudinally across various neurodegenerative diagnoses.MethodsThe study included individuals with MCI due to AD, (n = 74), CVD (n = 143), and PD (n = 137) at baseline, and at 2‐years follow‐up (MCI due to AD, n = 37, CVD n = 103, and PD n = 84). We assessed the severity of NPS using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. For brain structure we included cortical thickness and subcortical volume of predefined regions of interest associated with corticolimbic and frontal‐executive circuits.ResultsCross‐sectional analysis revealed significant negative correlations between appetite with both circuits in the MCI and CVD groups, while apathy was associated with these circuits in both the MCI and PD groups. Longitudinally, changes in apathy scores in the MCI group were negatively linked to the changes of the frontal‐executive circuit. In the CVD group, changes in agitation and nighttime behavior were negatively associated with the corticolimbic and frontal‐executive circuits, respectively. In the PD group, changes in disinhibition and apathy were positively associated with the corticolimbic and frontal‐executive circuits, respectively.ConclusionsThe observed correlations suggest that underlying pathological changes in the brain may contribute to alterations in neural activity associated with MBI. Notably, the difference between cross‐sectional and longitudinal results indicates the necessity of conducting longitudinal studies for reproducible findings and drawing robust inferences.

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“…Areas within the cerebral hemisphere, amygdala, hippocampus, and orbitofrontal cortex were strongly associated with stimulation by hunger factors, while areas within the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) and striatum (putamen) showed an inverse relationship with satiety stimuli. In contrast, those brain areas that were not strongly correlated with satiety-stimulating factors were the insula, caudate cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, OFC, and putamen [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Obesity—Novel Ways to Seen the Unseen

Drelich-Zbroja

Matuszek

Kaczor

et al. 2022

JCM

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Obesity remains a pandemic of the 21st century. While there are many causes of obesity and potential treatments that are currently known, source data indicate that the number of patients is constantly increasing. Neural mechanisms have become the subject of research and there has been an introduction of functional magnetic resonance imaging in obesity-associated altered neural signaling. Functional magnetic resonance imaging has been established as the gold standard in the assessment of neuronal functions related to nutrition. Thanks to this, it has become possible to delineate those regions of the brain that show altered activity in obese individuals. An integrative review of the literature was conducted using the keywords ““functional neuroimaging” OR “functional magnetic resonance “OR “fmri” and “obesity” and “reward circuit and obesity” in PubMed and Google Scholar databases from 2017 through May 2022. Results in English and using functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate brain response to diet and food images were identified. The results from functional magnetic resonance imaging may help to identify relationships between neuronal mechanisms and causes of obesity. Furthermore, they may provide a substrate for etiology-based treatment and provide new opportunities for the development of obesity pharmacotherapy.

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Mapping brain activity of gut-brain signaling to appetite and satiety in healthy adults: A systematic review and functional neuroimaging meta-analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 72 publications

Hypothalamic Reactivity and Connectivity following Intravenous Glucose Administration

Hypothalamic Reactivity and Connectivity following Intravenous Glucose Administration

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and brain morphology in patients with mild cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease and Parkinson disease: A cross sectional and longitudinal study

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Obesity—Novel Ways to Seen the Unseen

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