Mapping and Correcting the Influence of Gaze Position on Pupil Size Measurements

Hayes, Taylor R.; Petrov, Alexander

doi:10.1167/15.12.781

Cited by 46 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…To ensure reliable measurements of pupil diameter that were not influenced by changes in eye position (Hayes and Petrov, 2015), we included for analysis only periods of fixation that started at least 1 s after fixation onset and did not include any saccadic events, defined as changes in eye position with a minimum distance = 0.2 deg, minimum peak velocity = 0.08 deg/ms, minimum instantaneous velocity = 0.04 deg/ms, and minimum instantaneous acceleration = 0.005 deg/ms 2 . Eye position was highly stable during these epochs (Mann-Whitney test for H 0 : no difference in eye position at the beginning versus end of each fixation epoch, p >0.05 for 294/306 sessions across all monkeys).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Pupil Diameter and Neuronal Activity in the Locus Coeruleus, Colliculi, and Cingulate Cortex

Joshi

Kalwani

et al. 2016

Neuron

1,167

1,353

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SUMMARY Changes in pupil diameter that reflect effort and other cognitive factors are often interpreted in terms of the activity of norepinephrine-containing neurons in the brainstem nucleus locus coeruleus (LC), but there is little direct evidence for such a relationship. Here we show that LC activation reliably anticipates changes in pupil diameter that either fluctuate naturally or are driven by external events during near fixation, as in many psychophysical tasks. This relationship occurs on as fine a temporal and spatial scale as single spikes from single units. However, this relationship is not specific to the LC. Similar relationships, albeit with delayed timing and different reliabilities across sites, are evident in the inferior and superior colliculus and anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Because these regions are interconnected with the LC, the results suggest that non-luminance-mediated changes in pupil diameter might reflect LC-mediated coordination of neuronal activity throughout some parts of the brain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Pupil Diameter and Neuronal Activity in the Locus Coeruleus, Colliculi, and Cingulate Cortex

Joshi

Kalwani

et al. 2016

Neuron

1,167

1,353

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show abstract

“…Remarkably, only some vendors provide a pupil size signal that compensates for errors associated with eccentric gaze angles (pupil foreshortening error, PSE). Relative to central fixation, PSE increases as viewing distance gets shorter and gaze angle increases (61). PSE can exceed 14% of the measured pupil size under typical experimental conditions, so correction may be necessary (61).…”

Section: Measuring Affective Influences On Pupil Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relative to central fixation, PSE increases as viewing distance gets shorter and gaze angle increases (61). PSE can exceed 14% of the measured pupil size under typical experimental conditions, so correction may be necessary (61). …”

Section: Measuring Affective Influences On Pupil Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Using pupil size and heart rate to infer affective states during behavioral neurophysiology and neuropsychology experiments

Mitz

Chacko

Putnam

et al. 2017

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Background Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are a valuable research model because of their behavioral, physiological and neuroanatomical similarities to humans. In the absence of language, autonomic activity can provide crucial information about cognitive and affective states during single-unit recording, inactivation and lesion studies. Methods standardized for use in humans are not easily adapted to NHPs and detailed guidance has been lacking. New Method We provide guidance for monitoring heart rate and pupil size in the behavioral neurophysiology setting by addressing the methodological issues, pitfalls and solutions for NHP studies. The methods are based on comparative physiology to establish a rationale for each solution. We include examples from both electrophysiological and lesion studies. Results Single-unit recording, pupil responses and heart rate changes represent a range of decreasing temporal resolution, a characteristic that impacts experimental design and analysis. We demonstrate the unexpected result that autonomic measures acquired before and after amygdala lesions are comparable despite disruption of normal autonomic function. Comparison with Existing Methods Species and study design differences can render standard techniques used in human studies inappropriate for NHP studies. We show how to manage data from small groups typical of NHP studies, data from the short behavioral trials typical of neurophysiological studies, issues associated with longitudinal studies, and differences in anatomy and physiology. Conclusions Autonomic measurement to infer cognitive and affective states in NHP is neither off-the-shelf nor onerous. Familiarity with the issues and solutions will broaden the use of autonomic signals in NHP single unit and lesion studies.

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“…Interestingly, there is evidence that the pupillary light reflex can be artificially induced in the condition of constant luminance by showing pictures that suggest brightness, for instance by contrasting images of the sun and the moon (Binda, Pereverzeva, & Murray, ; Laeng & Endestad, ; Naber & Nakayama, ). Another potential confound that has to be accounted for is that the pupil size can vary due to participants’ gaze position (see Hayes & Petrov, ; Scheepers & Crocker, ). Finally, it is important to note that pupil response is relatively slow to return to baseline (Schmidtke, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye’ll Help You Out! How the Gaze Cue Reduces the Cognitive Load Required for Reference Processing

Sekicki

Staudte

2018

Cognitive Science

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Referential gaze has been shown to benefit language processing in situated communication in terms of shifting visual attention and leading to shorter reaction times on subsequent tasks. The present study simultaneously assessed both visual attention and, importantly, the immediate cognitive load induced at different stages of sentence processing. We aimed to examine the dynamics of combining visual and linguistic information in creating anticipation for a specific object and the effect this has on language processing. We report evidence from three visual‐world eye‐tracking experiments, showing that referential gaze leads to a shift in visual attention toward the cued object, which consequently lowers the effort required for processing the linguistic reference. Importantly, perceiving and following the gaze cue did not prove costly in terms of cognitive effort, unless the cued object did not fit the verb selectional preferences.

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Mapping and Correcting the Influence of Gaze Position on Pupil Size Measurements

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Relationships between Pupil Diameter and Neuronal Activity in the Locus Coeruleus, Colliculi, and Cingulate Cortex

Relationships between Pupil Diameter and Neuronal Activity in the Locus Coeruleus, Colliculi, and Cingulate Cortex

Using pupil size and heart rate to infer affective states during behavioral neurophysiology and neuropsychology experiments

Eye’ll Help You Out! How the Gaze Cue Reduces the Cognitive Load Required for Reference Processing

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