Map positions of 47 <i>Arabidopsis</i> sequences with sequence similarity to disease resistance genes

Botella, Miguel A.; Coleman, Mark; Hughes, Douglas E.; Nishimura, Marc T.; Jones, Jonathan D. G.; Somerville, Shauna

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1997.12051197.x

Cited by 97 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The RI map of chromosome 3 (Lister and Dean, 1997) currently contains 117 markers and has a total genetic size of 97.9 cM. Many important genes have been mapped on this chromosome, including pathogen-resistance gene clusters (Botella et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A YAC contig map of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3

et al. 1998

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SummaryWe have constructed a YAC contig map of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3. From an estimated total size of 25 Mb, about 21 Mb were covered by 148 clones arranged into nine YAC contigs, which represented most of the low-copy regions of the chromosome. YAC clones were anchored with 259 molecular markers, including 111 for which linkage information was previously available. Most of the genetic map was included in the YAC coverage, and more than 60% of the genetic markers from the reference recombinant inbred line map were anchored, giving a high level of integration between the genetic and physical maps. The submetacentric structure of the chromosome was confirmed by physical data; 3R (the top arm of the linkage map) was about 12 Mb, and 3L (the bottom arm of the linkage map) was about 9 Mb. This YAC physical map will aid in chromosome walking experiments and provide a framework for large-scale DNA sequencing of chromosome 3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A YAC contig map of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3

et al. 1998

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“…It is now facile to clone homologs but it remains difficult to prove individual specificities (Michelmore 1995). Large-scale sequencing of random expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and genomic clones has also identified numerous R gene homologs (Botella et al 1997;Bevan et al 1998). Extrapolating from current data, it seems likely that Arabidopsis has >400 resistance gene candidates (∼2% of its genes) and plants with larger genomes may have significantly greater numbers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Clusters of Resistance Genes in Plants Evolve by Divergent Selection and a Birth-and-Death Process

1998

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Classical genetic and molecular data show that genes determining disease resistance in plants are frequently clustered in the genome. Genes for resistance (R genes) to diverse pathogens cloned from several species encode proteins that have motifs in common. These motifs indicate that R genes are part of signal-transduction systems. Most of these R genes encode a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region. Sequences encoding putative solvent-exposed residues in this region are hypervariable and have elevated ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions; this suggests that they have evolved to detect variation in pathogen-derived ligands. Generation of new resistance specificities previously had been thought to involve frequent unequal crossing-over and gene conversions. However, comparisons between resistance haplotypes reveal that orthologs are more similar than paralogs implying a low rate of sequence homogenization from unequal crossing-over and gene conversion. We propose a new model adapted and expanded from one proposed for the evolution of vertebrate major histocompatibility complex and immunoglobulin gene families. Our model emphasizes divergent selection acting on arrays of solvent-exposed residues in the LRR resulting in evolution of individual R genes within a haplotype. Intergenic unequal crossing-over and gene conversions are important but are not the primary mechanisms generating variation.Plants, like animals, are continually challenged by a myriad of potential pathogens. There is increasing evidence that defense systems of plants are at least as complex as vertebrate defense systems. Unlike animals, however, plants do not have a circulatory system and therefore cannot rely on a specialized, proliferative immune system. Each plant cell has to be capable of defense, even though this defense is coordinated locally and systemically between cells. There are a variety of types of resistance genes and mechanisms, some induced and some constitutive (for review, see Godiard et al. 1994;Michelmore 1995;Hammond-Kosack and Jones 1997). Often, although not always, disease resistance in plants is determined by single, usually dominant, genes. The recent cloning of several such resistance genes (R genes) is providing insight into their function and evolution. The defense system of plants may be ancient and predate the evolution of the immune system; genes similar to plant R genes have been identified in mammals van der Biezen and Jones 1998).In this review we consider what is known about the genomic organization and evolution of disease resistance genes in plants. The picture that is emerging for the organization and evolution of plant R genes is similar to that of the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T-cell receptor (TCR), and immunoglobulin genes. Therefore, although the specific types of genes involved are different, the evolutionary forces shaping the plant and vertebrate defense systems may be similar. We propose a model for the evolution of plant R genes that is adapted and expanded from a m...

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“…In plant the sufficient amounts of potassium are essential for enzymes functions, metabolites and both high (such as proteins, starches and cellulos) and low (soluble sugars organic acids, amino acids and amides) molecular weight compounds synthesis (Marschner 2012;Mengel and Kirkby 2001;Sarwar 2012;Prasad et al, 2010). Under salinity environment condition the K + deficiency can usually be observed, due to presences of high levels of Na + which inhibit K + activity in the soil solution (especially in low K + status) (Botella et al, 1997). Negative effects of salt on photosynthesis of barley significantly increased due to K + deficiency (Degl'Innocenti et al, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxic levels of Na + inhibit K + uptake in the soil solution, due to reduction its availability. Also, Na + disorder translocation of K + from root to shoot (Botella et al, 1997) and completion with K + for uptake (Coskun et al, 2013). On the other hand more uptakes and accumulation of toxic ions (such as Na + ) affected osmotic potential of plant tissues, which cause the reduction in photosynthesis and plant growth rate (Irshad et al, 2002;Ali et al, 2012, Kausar et al, 2012.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of two halophyte plants (Nitraria schoberi and Halocnemum strobilaceum) to potassium sulfate under saline condition

et al. 2017

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Due to the desertification development and consequently the increase of saline lands in Iran, the use of resistant plants in such conditions to reduce its effects seems necessary. Hence, this study has tried to investigate the effect of potassium sulfate treatment on dry matter and Na and K content and physiological properties of foliar tissue of two halophyte species (Nitraria schoberi and Halocnemum strobilaceum) under different saline conditions. According to the results all studied parameters were significantly affected by plant species, potassium sulfate and NaCl treatments. Plant species and NaCl interaction and triple interaction showed significant effect on dry weight, sodium and potassium content of shoot and leaf chlorophyll content, also plant species and K2SO4 interaction has significantly effect on plant height and sodium, potassium and flavonoid content of shoots. High levels of K2SO4 treatment (135 Kg ha -1 ) significantly affected potassium content of N. schoberi in 100 and 200 mM NaCl treatments and increased its content more than 27 and 28% respectively compared with control. Also, application of K2SO4 affected accumulation of flavonoids in both plant but the response of N. schoberi still significant. According to the mean comparison, N. schoberi showed more than 12% scavenging activity than the H. strobilaceum. It seems that H. strobilaceum has strategies beyond the antioxidant capacity to adapt to the stressful environment condition, which are seemed much more efficient than increasing antioxidant capacity.

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Map positions of 47 Arabidopsis sequences with sequence similarity to disease resistance genes

Cited by 97 publications

References 56 publications

A YAC contig map of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3

A YAC contig map of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3

Clusters of Resistance Genes in Plants Evolve by Divergent Selection and a Birth-and-Death Process

Response of two halophyte plants (Nitraria schoberi and Halocnemum strobilaceum) to potassium sulfate under saline condition

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