“…The MAPK family has been classified into 3 distinct subfamilies: the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) including ERK1/2, the stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNKs) and p38 kinase (Hoshino et al, 1999;Doddareddy et al, 2012). The MAP kinase cascade and PI3K/Akt are all effectors of Ras signaling (Downward, 2003;McCubrey et al, 2012), which have been implicated in a wide range of cellular functions, including proliferation, survival, migration, malignant transformation (Wee et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2013), and also in the development of drug resistance (Navolanic et al, 2003;Sui et al, 2012). In our study, we found that JNK and ERK1/2 were activated in A2780/ Taxol cells.…”