MAP Kinase driven actomyosin rearrangement is a crucial regulator of monocyte to macrophage differentiation

Bacterial hopanoids: a newly identified potent inducer of monocyte to macrophage differentiation

“…Our previous publications depict that the MAPK-NF signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of monocyte to macrophage differentiation [45,46].Commensuratewith other reports, we have also shown that inhibition of the activation of this signaling cascade abates differentiation.In this manuscript, our results suggest that hopanoids treatment also leads to the activation of MAPK-NFsignaling pathway for the induction of monocyte to macrophage differentiation.…”

“…The differentiation process is ushered by the activation of a variety of signaling networks that command the various cellular changes. We along with other groups havealsoreported a plethora of signaling molecules contributing to the differentiation process notably MAP kinases and NF- [45,46]. We investigated the involvement of these signaling molecules in the differentiation process induced by the probable hopanoids and our Western blot data suggests the occurrence of phosphorylation of P42/44, P38 MAP kinases as well as NFκwhen treated with the probable hopanoidsvs the untreated control (Fig.6A).…”

“…They also have a lesser number of filopodia as well as membrane-bound cytosolic organelles. On the other hand, differentiating cells exhibit an enlargedsize, numerouscytoplasmic projections, enhanced spreading ability, autophagy induction as well as altered surface protein expression profile [10] [11] [12,13]. As a crucial regulator of the innate immune system differentiated macrophages engulf foreign pathogens like fungi, bacteria, and protozoans [1].…”

PAQR11 modulates monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

“…Previous studies have reported that monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation results in rewiring of MAPK signalling networks, and MAPK phosphorylation is a key regulator of the differentiation 35–37 . We also found that p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation was increased during differentiation of THP‐1 (Figure 4A), mouse BMDMs (Figure 4B) and human PBMCs (Figure 4C).…”

“…Because this progress seems like a 'transition state' in macrophage activation, many previous studies were focused on macrophage polarization or macrophage functions but not on macrophage maturation per se. In fact, most known molecules that affect macrophage maturation also play important roles in the processes that follow macrophage activation 5,10,35,43 . Here, we report that PAQR11 mainly affects monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation but not macrophage polarization, suggesting that the process of macrophage maturation can be functionally separated from macrophage polarization.…”