Abstract:Background
Map-based tools have recently found their way into health-related research. They can potentially be used to quantify older adults’ life-space. This study aimed to evaluate the validity (vs. GPS) and the test-retest reliability of a map-based life-space assessment (MBA).
Methods
Life-space of one full week was assessed by GPS and by MBA. MBA was repeated after approximately 3 weeks. Distance-related (mean and maximum distance from home) a… Show more
“…The literature search yielded 37 studies eligible for inclusion (see Fig. 1 ), in which 13 unique LSM questionnaires were identified: life-space diary (LSD) [ 12 ], nursing home life-space diameter (NHLSD) [ 13 ], life-space questionnaire (LSQ) [ 14 ], University of Alabama at Birmingham-life-space assessment (UAB-LSA) [ 15 ], phone-based (LSA-F) [ 16 ] and proxy-based LSA (LSA companion) [ 17 ], homebound mobility assessment (HBMA) [ 18 ], indoor life-space mobility at home (LSH) [ 19 ], home-based life-space assessment (Hb-LSA) [ 20 ], life-space assessment for persons with cognitive impairment (LSA-CI) [ 21 ], interview-based [ 22 ] and proxy-reported life-space assessment for institutionalized settings (LSA-IS) [ 23 ], and map-based life-space assessment (MBA) [ 24 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The majority of them consider not only spatial (e.g., distance) but also contextual aspects (e.g., mobility aids, personal assistance) of mobility. Nine questionnaires have initially been developed for community-dwelling older persons (LSD, LSQ, UAB-LSA, LSA‑F, LSA-CI and MBA) [ 12 , 14 – 16 , 18 – 21 , 24 ], with three of them specifically focusing on persons having difficulties in going outdoors (HBMA, LSH and Hb-LSA) [ 18 – 20 ], one for power mobility device users (LSA companion) [ 16 ], and three for institutionalized older persons (NHLSD, LSA-IS self-report and proxy versions) [ 13 , 22 , 23 ]. The majority of questionnaires are based on self-reports by structured interviews, with one being a web-based survey (MBA) [ 24 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Specific equipment is only needed for the web-based MBA, while all other questionnaires were designed as paper and pencil tests. The observation period ranges between 24 h [22,23] and ing for the different questionnaires varied with total scores ranging from 0-8 points [18] to 0-120 points [15-17, 22, 23], with 2 questionnaires having an open-ended score (LSH, MBA) [19,24]. Higher scores consistently indicate higher mobility levels.…”
Section: Characteristics Of the Lsm Questionnairesmentioning
Background
Life-space mobility (LSM), as the extent of mobility within one’s environment, is a key for successful aging and has become a relevant concept in gerontology and geriatric research. Adequate assessment instruments are needed to identify older persons with LSM restrictions, and to initiate, adapt or evaluate intervention strategies.
Objective
To systematically identify, describe and analyze the psychometric properties of LSM questionnaires, with a special focus on their availability in the German language.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Studies that examined at least one psychometric property of LSM questionnaires published up to August 2021 were included and evaluated based on the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) guidelines.
Results
This study included 37 validation studies describing 13 different LSM questionnaires. Methodological quality and comprehensiveness of validations were heterogeneous. Based on comprehensive and high-quality results, four LSM questionnaires stood out: the University of Alabama at Birmingham life-space assessment (UAB-LSA), life-space assessment in persons with cognitive impairment (LSA-CI), interview-based and proxy-based versions of the life-space assessment in institutionalized settings (LSA-IS), all of them available in the German language.
Conclusion
This systematic review provides a concise overview of available LSM questionnaires and their psychometric properties to facilitate the selection for use in clinical practice and research. The UAB-LSA and LSA-CI for community settings and the interview-based or proxy-based LSA-IS for institutional settings were found to be the most appropriate LSM questionnaires.
“…The literature search yielded 37 studies eligible for inclusion (see Fig. 1 ), in which 13 unique LSM questionnaires were identified: life-space diary (LSD) [ 12 ], nursing home life-space diameter (NHLSD) [ 13 ], life-space questionnaire (LSQ) [ 14 ], University of Alabama at Birmingham-life-space assessment (UAB-LSA) [ 15 ], phone-based (LSA-F) [ 16 ] and proxy-based LSA (LSA companion) [ 17 ], homebound mobility assessment (HBMA) [ 18 ], indoor life-space mobility at home (LSH) [ 19 ], home-based life-space assessment (Hb-LSA) [ 20 ], life-space assessment for persons with cognitive impairment (LSA-CI) [ 21 ], interview-based [ 22 ] and proxy-reported life-space assessment for institutionalized settings (LSA-IS) [ 23 ], and map-based life-space assessment (MBA) [ 24 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The majority of them consider not only spatial (e.g., distance) but also contextual aspects (e.g., mobility aids, personal assistance) of mobility. Nine questionnaires have initially been developed for community-dwelling older persons (LSD, LSQ, UAB-LSA, LSA‑F, LSA-CI and MBA) [ 12 , 14 – 16 , 18 – 21 , 24 ], with three of them specifically focusing on persons having difficulties in going outdoors (HBMA, LSH and Hb-LSA) [ 18 – 20 ], one for power mobility device users (LSA companion) [ 16 ], and three for institutionalized older persons (NHLSD, LSA-IS self-report and proxy versions) [ 13 , 22 , 23 ]. The majority of questionnaires are based on self-reports by structured interviews, with one being a web-based survey (MBA) [ 24 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Specific equipment is only needed for the web-based MBA, while all other questionnaires were designed as paper and pencil tests. The observation period ranges between 24 h [22,23] and ing for the different questionnaires varied with total scores ranging from 0-8 points [18] to 0-120 points [15-17, 22, 23], with 2 questionnaires having an open-ended score (LSH, MBA) [19,24]. Higher scores consistently indicate higher mobility levels.…”
Section: Characteristics Of the Lsm Questionnairesmentioning
Background
Life-space mobility (LSM), as the extent of mobility within one’s environment, is a key for successful aging and has become a relevant concept in gerontology and geriatric research. Adequate assessment instruments are needed to identify older persons with LSM restrictions, and to initiate, adapt or evaluate intervention strategies.
Objective
To systematically identify, describe and analyze the psychometric properties of LSM questionnaires, with a special focus on their availability in the German language.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Studies that examined at least one psychometric property of LSM questionnaires published up to August 2021 were included and evaluated based on the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) guidelines.
Results
This study included 37 validation studies describing 13 different LSM questionnaires. Methodological quality and comprehensiveness of validations were heterogeneous. Based on comprehensive and high-quality results, four LSM questionnaires stood out: the University of Alabama at Birmingham life-space assessment (UAB-LSA), life-space assessment in persons with cognitive impairment (LSA-CI), interview-based and proxy-based versions of the life-space assessment in institutionalized settings (LSA-IS), all of them available in the German language.
Conclusion
This systematic review provides a concise overview of available LSM questionnaires and their psychometric properties to facilitate the selection for use in clinical practice and research. The UAB-LSA and LSA-CI for community settings and the interview-based or proxy-based LSA-IS for institutional settings were found to be the most appropriate LSM questionnaires.
“…Once again, there are different approaches to narrow the scope of analysis and remove extraneous GPS points. For example, researchers can create an ellipse that captures a proportion (e.g., 68%) of all points for each participant, and excludes points outside of that area (Hinrichs et al, 2020).…”
The ubiquity of location-data-enabled devices provides novel avenues for psychology researchers to incorporate spatial analytics into their studies. Spatial analytics use global positioning system (GPS) data to assess and understand mobility behavior (e.g., locations visited, movement patterns). In this tutorial, we provide a practical guide to analyzing GPS data in R and introduce researchers to key procedures and resources for conducting spatial analytics. We show readers how to clean GPS data, compute mobility features (e.g., time spent at home, number of unique places visited), and visualize locations and movement patterns. In addition, we discuss the challenges of ensuring participant privacy and interpreting the psychological implications of mobility behaviors. The tutorial is accompanied by an R Markdown script and a simulated GPS data set made available on the OSF.
“…Therefore, mobility reflects an individual's ability to navigate and interact with their environment [10]. Within the remit of mobility, life-space mobility (LSM) is a distinct concept, defined as the spatial extent in which an individual moves within a specified period [11]. Life-space area intertwines with LSM, describing the spatial area that an individual commonly navigates [12].…”
Section: Gps-derived Mobility Data As a Potential Tool In Clinical De...mentioning
Dementia is the most common neurodegenerative disorder globally. Disease progression is marked by declining cognitive function accompanied by changes in mobility. Increased sedentary behaviour and, conversely, wandering and becoming lost are common. Global positioning system (GPS) solutions are increasingly used by caregivers to locate missing people with dementia (PwD) but also offer a non-invasive means of monitoring mobility patterns in PwD. We performed a systematic search across five databases to identify papers published since 2000, where wearable or portable GPS was used to monitor mobility in patients with common dementias or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Disease and GPS-specific vocabulary were searched singly, and then in combination, identifying 3004 papers. Following deduplication, we screened 1972 papers and retained 17 studies after a full-text review. Only 1/17 studies used a wrist-worn GPS solution, while all others were variously located on the patient. We characterised the studies using a conceptual framework, finding marked heterogeneity in the number and complexity of reported GPS-derived mobility outcomes. Duration was the most frequently reported category of mobility reported (15/17), followed by out of home (14/17), and stop and trajectory (both 10/17). Future research would benefit from greater standardisation and harmonisation of reporting which would enable GPS-derived measures of mobility to be incorporated more robustly into clinical trials.
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