MAO-derived hydroxyapatite/TiO2 nanostructured multi-layer coatings on titanium substrate

Surface characterization and corrosion behavior of calcium phosphate-base composite layer on titanium and its alloys via plasma electrolytic oxidation: A review paper

“…ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT [59]. According to another study, an increased amount of β-glycerol phosphate can reduce the density of pores among the created layer [33].…”

“…Additionally, it was reported that the thickness of the formed structure was increased by increasing the concentration of the electrolyte. The increase of the layer is more obvious with an enhancement in the calcium acetate amount (10.1 µm in 6 min) rather than β-glycerol phosphate (6.6 µm in 3 min) [59].…”

“…Fig. 6 presents the SEM images at high magnification through the two stages of the micro-arc oxidization process, which yielded excellent bioactivity [59]. The largest size crystal of HAp has been obtained using 10 g/l of trisodium phosphate as an electrolyte at the first stage and combined with β-glycerol phosphate and calcium acetate as a second electrolyte in the second using only the MAO process.…”

“…Many investigations have employed hydrothermal treatments after the PEO process, to enhance the contents [11,31,39,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65].…”

“…FESEM images of the layer grown in an electrolyte containing 5 g/L calcium acetate and 5 g/L β-glycerophosphate for 3 min (a) and cross section of two layer interface (b)[59].…”