Many transcribed regions of the Onchocerca volvulus genome contain the spliced leader sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Zeng, Wenlin; Alarcon, Clara M.; Donelson, John E.

doi:10.1128/mcb.10.6.2765

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The splice leader (SL RNA) is known to be linked to 5S rDNA in nematodes (Nilsen et al, 1989;Zeng et al, 1990) and protists (Keller et al, 1992). In this work, we found a strong linkage between SL RNA genes and 5S rDNA in all nematodes and platyhelminthes, which has never been reported before.…”

Section: S Rrna and Protein Interactionssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…These repeats can occur in tandem forming long arrays in some species, whereas in other cases they are dispersed throughout the genome. In some organisms, 5S rDNA repeats have been found linked to other noncoding RNA (ncRNA) gene families, such as small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) (Vahidi et al, 1988;Nilsen et al, 1989;Zeng et al, 1990;Keller et al, 1992;Pelliccia et al, 2001;Cross and Rebordinos, 2005;Manchado et al, 2006;Marz et al, 2008;Freire et al, 2010;Vierna et al, 2011;Vizoso et al, 2011) or to protein-coding genes such as histones (Eirin-Lopez et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic analysis and evolution of 5S ribosomal DNA in metazoans

et al. 2013

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Several studies on 5S ribosomal DNA (5S rDNA) have been focused on a subset of the following features in mostly one organism: number of copies, pseudogenes, secondary structure, promoter and terminator characteristics, genomic arrangements, types of non-transcribed spacers and evolution. In this work, we systematically analyzed 5S rDNA sequence diversity in available metazoan genomes, and showed organism-specific and evolutionary-conserved features. Putatively functional sequences (12 766) from 97 organisms allowed us to identify general features of this multigene family in animals. Interestingly, we show that each mammal species has a highly conserved (housekeeping) 5S rRNA type and many variable ones. The genomic organization of 5S rDNA is still under debate. Here, we report the occurrence of several paralog 5S rRNA sequences in 58 of the examined species, and a flexible genome organization of 5S rDNA in animals. We found heterogeneous 5S rDNA clusters in several species, supporting the hypothesis of an exchange of 5S rDNA from one locus to another. A rather high degree of variation of upstream, internal and downstream putative regulatory regions appears to characterize metazoan 5S rDNA. We systematically studied the internal promoters and described three different types of termination signals, as well as variable distances between the coding region and the typical termination signal. Finally, we present a statistical method for detection of linkage among noncoding RNA (ncRNA) gene families. This method showed no evolutionary-conserved linkage among 5S rDNAs and any other ncRNA genes within Metazoa, even though we found 5S rDNA to be linked to various ncRNAs in several clades.

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Section: S Rrna and Protein Interactionssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic analysis and evolution of 5S ribosomal DNA in metazoans

et al. 2013

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“…The 67 amino acids contained in addition to the histidine active site motif the asparagine active site motif and all the intervening amino acids encoded by the last two exons of the genomic clone, confirming that the cDNA was specific for a mRNA encoded by the OVCP genomic clone. The rest of the larval cDNA of OVCP was then obtained by PCR using the SL1 primer, a 22-nucleotide splice leader sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans that is also present in many transcripts of filarial parasites (26,27), and a specific primer to the noncoding region (CPR3 , Table I) at the same conditions described above.…”

Section: In Vitro Culturing Of L3 In the Presence Of Cysteine Proteasementioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of a Cysteine Protease Required for the Molting of Onchocerca volvulus Third Stage Larvae

Lustigman

McKerrow

Shah

et al. 1996

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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We have investigated the involvement of a cysteine protease in the development of Onchocerca volvulus fourth stage larvae (L4) by testing the effect of cysteine protease inhibitors on the survival of third stage larvae (L3), and the molting of L3 to L4 in vitro. When larvae were cultured in the presence of specific inhibitors, the peptidyl monofluoromethylketones, viability of either L3 or L4 was not affected. However, the inhibitors reduced the number of L3 that molted to L4 in vitro in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Molting was completely inhibited in the presence of 50 -250 M inhibitor. Ultrastructural examination of L3 that did not molt in the presence of inhibitors indicated that new L4 cuticle was synthesized, but there was no separation between the L3 and the L4 cuticles. The endogenous cysteine protease was detected in molting larvae after binding to labeled inhibitors, and by antibodies directed against a recombinant O. volvulus L3 cysteine protease that was cloned and expressed. The enzyme was detected in cuticle regions where the separation between the cuticles occurs in molting larvae. These studies suggest that molting and successful development of L4 depends on the expression and release of a cysteine protease.

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“…The C. elegans SL1 sequence is encoded within the spacer region of the repetitive DNA element containing the 5S rRNA gene cluster and transcribed from the complementary strand to an RNA of about 100 nucleotides by RNA polymerase II during early embryonic development, just like U1 snRNA molecules in vertebrates. Linkage between the 5S rRNA gene and the SL1 RNA exon within a repetitive DNA element has also been found in other nematodes such as Onchocerca volvulus [17], Dirofilaria immitis [17], Brugia malayi [13], and Ascaris lumbricoides [14]. Although the 5S rRNA and SL1 loci in C. elegans are on complementary strands of the repetitive DNA element, the two loci for 5S rRNA and SL1 are on the same strand in the parasitic nematodes, O. volvulus, D. immitis, B. malayi, and A. lumbricoides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…DNA of D. immitis was isolated from a single adult worm, and DNA of Brugia was extracted from frozen specimens of adult worms by the hydroxyapatite batch elution technique [3]. Parasite DNAs were subjected to PCR to amplify the 5S rRNA gene and its 3' flanking spacer region by using a pair of primers based on genomic sequences of high homology between Dirofilaria and Onchocerca [17]. The PCR primers F1 (5'-GTC TAC GAC CAT ACC ACG TT-3') and R1 (5'-CAG GAC GTT CCA AAA TTT-3') were custom-made by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd. (Kyoto).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Nucleotide Sequences Flanking the trans-Spliced Leader SL1 Exon in Dirofilaria immitis, Brugia malayi, and Brugia pahangi.

Harasawa

Maeda

Nogami

et al. 1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Nucleotide sequences surrounding the trans-spliced leader SL1 exon in the 5S rRNA gene spacer regions of Dirofilaria immitis, Brugia malayi, and B. pahangi were determined after PCR amplification, aligned with the genus Onchocerca for comparison, and used for the prediction of secondary structures. The nucleotide sequence of this region in B. pahangi was first shown in the present study. Hypothetical secondary structures of the spacer region suggested that the SL1 transcript is capable to form a stable stem-loop structure which may render transposition of the SL1 sequence to mRNA molecules. A homologous sequence to Sm-binding site was assigned on a bulge loop. No significant difference was observed in adult worms of D. immitis irrespective of sex or location. No difference was apparent between the two species in genus Brugia. -KEY WORDS: Brugia, Dirofilaria, trans-splicing. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 59(12): 1149-1152, 1997 Of the four adult worms of D. immitis, two (male and female, each) were from Japan, which are referred to as "Japanese adult worms", and two (male and female, each) were from the U.S.A. which are referred to as "American adult worms", hereafter. Japanese adult worms in the heart were collected from naturally infected dogs at necropsy [11]. American adult worms were collected from naturally infected dogs. To determine the prevalence of D. immitis infection in dogs, these dogs were killed by euthanasic procedure and immediately provided from a dog pound of Wake County, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A. Two Brugia species, B. malayi and B. pahangi, have been maintained in the second author's laboratory. Exact source of the B. malayi strain has been described elsewhere [9]. All adult worms were identified by morphological features. DNA of D. immitis was isolated from a single adult worm, and DNA of Brugia was extracted from frozen specimens of adult worms by the hydroxyapatite batch elution technique [3]. Parasite DNAs were subjected to PCR to amplify the 5S rRNA gene and its 3' flanking spacer region by using a pair of primers based on genomic sequences of high homology between Dirofilaria and Onchocerca [17]. The PCR primers F1 (5'-GTC TAC GAC CAT ACC ACG TT-3') and R1 (5'-CAG GAC GTT CCA AAA TTT-3') were custom-made by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd. (Kyoto). The PCR amplification was carried out with 50-µl reaction mixtures containing 5 µl of DNA solution, 5 µl of 10X buffer, 1.25 U of Taq DNA polymerase (Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, Conn.), dNTPs to a final concentration of 0.2 mM each, 0.25 µl of each pair of primers F1 and R1 (40 pmol/µl each), and water to a final volume of 50 µl. The cycle was repeated 30 times with denaturation at 94°C for 30 sec, annealing at 56°C for 120 sec, and extension at 72°C for 120 sec. The PCR products were extracted from gels after electrophoresis, and subjected to direct sequencing three times on each strand A spliced leader sequence at the 5' end of a mRNA was first demonstrated in African trypanosomes [2]. This trypanosome leader sequence is derived from an RNA tra...

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Many transcribed regions of the Onchocerca volvulus genome contain the spliced leader sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Cited by 36 publications

References 25 publications

Systematic analysis and evolution of 5S ribosomal DNA in metazoans

Systematic analysis and evolution of 5S ribosomal DNA in metazoans

Cloning of a Cysteine Protease Required for the Molting of Onchocerca volvulus Third Stage Larvae

Characteristics of Nucleotide Sequences Flanking the trans-Spliced Leader SL1 Exon in Dirofilaria immitis, Brugia malayi, and Brugia pahangi.

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