Many Infants Prenatally Exposed to High Levels of Alcohol Show One Particular Anomaly of the Corpus Callosum

Bookstein, Fred L.; Connor, Paul; Huggins, Janet E.; Barr, Helen M.; Pimentel, Kristi; Streissguth, Ann P.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00367.x

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In this context, the CC has been suggested having an important role in coordination of motor planning and control, with a bearing on both bimanual and unimanual performance, and in auditory interhemispheric transfer. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have repeatedly found abnormalities in CC regions in children exposed prenatally to alcohol (Bookstein et al, 2002(Bookstein et al, , 2007Sowell et al, 2001). Even in the absence of significant morphometric Developmental Psychobiology differences, DTI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have reported abnormal development of white matter and altered metabolism in the CC in young adults with FAS/FASD, possibly associated with neurobehavioral deficits due to disrupted connectivity (Fagerlund et al, 2006;Ma et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Structural abnormalities of the CC are frequently observed in children with FAS/FASD (e.g., Bookstein, Sampson, Connor, & Streissguth, 2002;Bookstein et al, 2007), including relative white matter reduction (Sowell et al, 2001). At the microstructural level, one study using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has reported affected white-matter integrity of the CC in young adults with FAS in terms of less fractional anisotropy and higher diffusion coefficients compared with controls (Ma et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Atypical functional lateralization in children with fetal alcohol syndrome

Domellöf

Rönnqvist

Titran

et al. 2009

Developmental Psychobiology

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In order to explore effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on functional lateralization, item tasks measuring preferences of hand, foot, eye, and ear were administered to a sample of 23 children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) compared with typically developing (TD) children. In addition, a dichotic listening task was administered to a subsample of 11 children with FAS and a TD group of comparable age, sex and handedness. The children with FAS were characterized by increased nonright-handedness compared with TD children. No differences were evident for preferential use of foot, eye, or ear. Moreover, children with FAS displayed more right ear extinctions during dichotic listening relative to TD children, indicating a lack of right ear advantage. The results add to findings of decreased manual asymmetry and less left-lateralized speech perception in children with developmental disorders, and are further discussed in relation to the high incidence of callosal abnormalities in alcohol-exposed children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Atypical functional lateralization in children with fetal alcohol syndrome

Domellöf

Rönnqvist

Titran

et al. 2009

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Recent reviews show clearly that PAE in humans produces gross CNS abnormalities including microencephaly and heterotoplasia, and that some developing CNS regions are particularly sensitive to ethanol, including corpus callosum [61][62][63]. MRI and DTI studies have shown anomalies in white matter [4-6, 64, 65] that may in part reflect abnormal myelination.…”

Section: Protective Effects Of Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines Reduce Toxic Effects of Ethanol on Oligodendroglia

et al. 2011

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To characterize immunomodulatory mechanisms that affect oligodendroglia (OL) and white matter following ethanol exposure during early CNS development, we investigated the direct effects of ethanol and cytokines on glia. Mixed glial cultures from newborn rat brain were exposed to 6.5-130 mM ethanol for 1-3 days. OL were sensitive to ethanol, with death ranging from 32 to 88% with increasing time and ethanol concentrations. Little cell death occurred in astroglia or microglia. Mixtures of cytokines representative of those produced by pro-inflammatory Th1 and monocyte/macrophage (M/M) cells as well as those produced by anti-inflammatory Th2 cells were all protective. Three of the cytokines in the Th1 mixture, IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ, were protective individually, although no single cytokine was as effective as the mixture. The protective effects of the Th1 mixture and of IL-2 were reversed by inhibition of both MAP kinase and PI-3 kinase signaling pathways. We conclude that cytokines can act either directly on OL or indirectly through effects on astroglia or microglia to protect OL from ethanol toxicity.

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“…These changes have also been reported to persist into adulthood (Kitayama et al 2007;Choi et al 2009) and have been hypothesized to explain emotional regulation difficulties observed in adult victims (Choi et al 2009). Smaller CC volumes are also found in babies born of alcoholic mothers (Bookstein et al 2007) which may constitute a confounding factor. Findings for the PFC have been inconsistent, with one reporting no difference (De Bellis et al 1999) while two more recent studies found larger grey matter volume in the middle-inferior and ventral PFC regions (Richert et al 2006;Carrion et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression in elderly persons subject to childhood maltreatment is not modulated by corpus callosum and hippocampal loss

Ritchie

Jaussent

Portet

et al. 2012

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Childhood adversity has been observed to engender structural changes in the hippocampus and corpus callosum associated with increased risk for depression in childhood and early adulthood. This study investigated this association in the elderly. Corpus callosum area and hippocampal volume were measured from structural MRI in 427 community dwelling elderly. Information on childhood adversity was obtained in the course of a clinical examination using a questionnaire covering multiple aspects of abuse. Adjusted gender-stratified analyses found no significant reduction in corpus callosum area or hippocampal volume in exposed subjects. Previously observed associations between childhood adversity and late-life depression do not appear to be explained by structural brain changes.

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Many Infants Prenatally Exposed to High Levels of Alcohol Show One Particular Anomaly of the Corpus Callosum

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

Atypical functional lateralization in children with fetal alcohol syndrome

Atypical functional lateralization in children with fetal alcohol syndrome

Cytokines Reduce Toxic Effects of Ethanol on Oligodendroglia

Depression in elderly persons subject to childhood maltreatment is not modulated by corpus callosum and hippocampal loss

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