Many-electron strong-field physics

Becker, W.; Rottke, H.

doi:10.1080/00107510802332908

Cited by 63 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…It is impossible, at present, to simulate this process based on the time dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) because of exceedingly large computing time requirements 5 . Instead one describes the process usually in terms of simplifying mechanisms, which can be classified as sequential double ionization (SDI) or non-sequential double ionization (NSDI; ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

Timing the release in sequential double ionization

Pfeiffer¹,

Cirelli²,

Smolarski³

et al. 2011

Nature Phys

209

227

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The timing of electron release in strong-field double ionization poses great challenges both for conceptual definition and for conducting experimental measurements. Here we present coincidence momentum measurements of the doubly charged ion and of the two electrons arising from double ionization of argon using elliptically polarized laser pulses. Based on a semi-classical model, the ionization times are calculated from the measured electron momenta across a large intensity range. This paper discusses how this method provides timings on a coarse and on a fine scale, similar to the hour and the minute hand of a clock. We found that the ionization time of the first electron is in good agreement with the simulation, whereas the ionization of the second electron occurs significantly earlier than predicted.A mong all the methods used to measure time, one of the most fundamental is to measure the angle of a rotating hand, such as is done on an analogue watch face. This principle can be employed in strong-field ionization using laser pulses with close-to-circular polarization. In the attoclock the rotating electric field vector is used to deflect photo-ionized electrons, such that the instant of ionization is mapped to the final angle of the momentum, similar to the minute hand of a clock. The attoclock technique is based on the definition of 'time' by 'counting cycles' 1,2 . During one period the watch hand completes one cycle, such that measuring the emission angle of the electron enables us to measure time at a precision well below one optical period 2 . Thus the measurement provides attosecond timing without using an attosecond pulse.Here we use the attoclock to measure the ionization times of the two electrons in the double ionization of argon. As a result of depletion the averaged ionization time of the electrons is shifted towards the beginning of the pulse, thus requiring a multi-cycle measurement. The magnitude of the electron momenta follows the envelope of the laser pulse and gives a coarse timing for the electron release (that is 'the hour hand of the clock'). The emission angle of the electrons subsequently gives the fine timing (that is 'the minute hand of the clock').The result of the attoclock measurements addresses a fundamental question in double ionization: are there electron correlation mechanisms that are not induced by recollision? With linearly polarized fields in strong-field double ionization the dominating ionization mechanism is induced by recollision of the first emitted electron 3,4 . With close-to-circular polarization, however, we can avoid this recollision and therefore investigate a conceptually even simpler process of few-body quantum mechanics.It is impossible, at present, to simulate this process based on the time dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) because of exceedingly large computing time requirements 5 . Instead one describes the process usually in terms of simplifying mechanisms, which can be classified as sequential double ionization (SDI) or non-sequential double ionization ...

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confidence: 99%

Timing the release in sequential double ionization

Pfeiffer¹,

Cirelli²,

Smolarski³

et al. 2011

Nature Phys

209

227

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“…However, in the early 90's, experiments using intense laser pulses found double ionization yields which departed from these treatments by several orders of magnitude [1], thereby casting doubt on the uniqueness of the sequential (uncorrelated) multiple ionization channel. These results constitute one of the most striking surprises of recent years in intense laser-matter interactions, and this new ionization channel ("nonsequential double ionization" (NSDI) [1]) has emerged as one of the most dramatic manifestations of electron-electron correlation in nature [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

Recollisions and Correlated Double Ionization with Circularly Polarized Light

2010

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It is generally believed that the recollision mechanism of atomic nonsequential double ionization is suppressed in circularly polarized laser fields because the returning electron is unlikely to encounter the core. On the contrary, we find that recollision can and does significantly enhance double ionization, even to the extent of forming a "knee", the signature of the nonsequential process. Using a classical model, we explain two apparently contradictory experiments, the absence of a knee for helium and its presence for magnesium.

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“…A complete description of a two-electron system in an elliptically polarized field requires to simulate the motion for each electron in at least two dimensions, which is almost impossible at present [17]. To overcome the enormous computational challenge, the so-called crapola quantum model [18] was introduced, which has excellently reproduced the "knee" structure of NSDI [6,19].…”

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Revealing the role of electron correlation in sequential double ionization

et al. 2014

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The experimental observations of sequential double ionization (SDI) of Ar [A. N. Pfeiffer et al., Nature Phys. 7, 428 (2011)], such as the four-peak momentum distribution and the ionization time of the first and second electrons, are investigated and reproduced with a quantum model by including and excluding the e-e correlation effect. Based on the comparison of experiment and simulation, the role of e-e correlation in SDI is discussed. It is shown that the inclusion of e-e correlation is necessary to reproduce the momentum distribution of electrons.

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Many-electron strong-field physics

Cited by 63 publications

References 83 publications

Timing the release in sequential double ionization

Timing the release in sequential double ionization

Recollisions and Correlated Double Ionization with Circularly Polarized Light

Revealing the role of electron correlation in sequential double ionization

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