The topical issue "Quantum Optics of Light and Matter: Honouring Alain Aspect" encompasses a set of historical and personal perspectives on Alain's career, and a series of scientific articles on contemporary research in quantum and atom optics. These contributions celebrate the amazing scientific career of Alain Aspect and provide fascinating perspectives for quantum information science and quantum technologies. It is a wonderful conjunction of events that this topical issue appears only a few weeks after Alain, together with John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger, was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics.