Manutenção de Aedes aegypti e Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: culicidae) em condições de laboratório: uma revisão sistemática 

Abstract

HERCULANO, P. H. Maintenance of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: culicidae) in laboratory conditions: A systematic review (Dissertation). São Paulo: Faculdade de Saúde Pública; 2020.The population increase in the world, with the increase in large urban areas, with poor sanitation and infrastructure conditions, favor the development and proliferation of some species of mosquitos. The behavior and easy adaptation of Ae. aegypti favored its dispersion in the most different types of environments, being found mainly within and around the home, where there is a high human presence, shelters and potential breeding sites. Females have diurnal eating habits, with the highest activity peaks at dawn and during evening twilight. However, they can bite man and other animals at any time of the day, as they are very opportunistic. In Brazil, the great importance of Ae. aegypti is due to the fact that it is considered the main vector of urban yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and Zika. The Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito is generally found in areas of poor sanitation, near to peripheral areas. Females are also hematophagous and are associated with human habitation sites, where they find shelter, breeding grounds and source of food. They have nocturnal and twilight habits and, eventually, they can bite during the day. The presence of this mosquito in the urban area generates discomfort to humans, causing irritation and decreased quality of life, due to the discomfort caused by the bites and night disturbance. In addition, some areas infested by Cx. quinquefasciatus are conducive to problems related to public health, as this mosquito is considered a vector of pathogens, such as bancroftian phyliasis, caused by the Wuchereria bancrofti worm. The maintenance of insects in the laboratory, as well as other animals, makes it possible to better understand their biology, population dynamics, species development and the best conditions for confinement and reproduction. Procedures for feeding, breeding and conditioning mosquitos are some of the main elements for the development of large-scale colonies in the laboratory, in addition to environmental conditions such as temperature, whet and photoperiod. Immature forms of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus can be kept for development in the most varied types of containers. The maintenance of adult mosquitoes in the laboratory is carried out by confining these insects in screened cages, which can vary in size and material. The food source for adult male and female mosquitoes is from sugary solutions. For reproduction of mosquitoes in the laboratory, it is essential to provide blood supply to adult females, as only in this way will the eggs mature. Artificial feeders have been developed and used constantly in procedures for maintenance mosquitos in the laboratory, some of which are more complex and others simpler. These feeders are usually composed of one or more blood reservoirs, where the volume of blood is stored to feed insect colonies. Generally, these depot are covered...

"Replacement of Animals Used in the Maintenance of Aedes Aegypti by Alternative Methods. Refinement of Procedures That Minimize the Discomfort of Insect Maintenance by Swiss Webster Mice"

“…Furthermore, studies carried out in recent decades have expanded the understanding of animal sentience, indicating that the potential of animals to suffer harm is greater than was evaluated and that it is currently recognized that animals can feel distress, pain, and that even with handling delicate, they can show marked changes in hormonal and physiological stress markers. It is also known that animals demonstrate coordinated pain responses similar to humans, sharing neurophysiological, genetic and physiological similarities with humans [11].…”