Abstract:Based on in situ strain sensors consisting of piezo-resistive carbon filament yarns (CFYs), which have been successfully integrated into textile reinforcement structures during their textiletechnological manufacturing process, a continuous load of fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) components has been realised. These sensors are also suitable for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The two-dimensional sensor layout is made feasible by the usage of a modular warp yarn path manipulation unit. Using a fu… Show more
“…Previous examinations made by the authors showed that CF is suitable as an in situ strain gage for the structural and strain monitoring of fiber-reinforced plastic components. 16–19 Figure 3.Measurement principle of carbon fiber (CF)-based textile strain gages (a) and method for the determination of specific sensor values (b).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous examinations made by the authors showed that CF is suitable as an in situ strain gage for the structural and strain monitoring of fiber-reinforced plastic components. [16][17][18][19] For the purpose of comparison, the typical sensor characteristic values, which apply to strain gages (cf. Figure 3(b)), were used: the gage factor k (Equation (3)), the linearity deviation A Lin (Equation 4) from an assumed linear transfer characteristic curve and the hysteresis A Hys (Equation 5).…”
This contribution will introduce carbon-reinforced concrete components (so-called carbon concrete composites, or C3) with sensor functionalities for innovative building envelopes. For a continuous in situ structural monitoring, these textile-reinforced concrete components are equipped with textile sensor networks consisting of resistive carbon fiber sensors (CFSs), which are integrated into the carbon fiber non-crimp fabrics of the concrete reinforcement by multiaxial warp-knitting. The in situ CFSs, consisting of 1 k or 50 k carbon fiber roving with added staple fiber/multifilament dielectric cladding, are later integral to the load-distributing elements of the concrete component, and elongations within these are easy to record with good correlation to ohmic resistance changes. Gage factors of k = 0.52–1.23 at linearity deviations of ALin = 4.0–8.7% are feasible. This allows a monitoring of C3 building envelopes for structural mechanical changes caused by physical changes within the component through mechanical or thermal loads or deformation and cracks.
“…Previous examinations made by the authors showed that CF is suitable as an in situ strain gage for the structural and strain monitoring of fiber-reinforced plastic components. 16–19 Figure 3.Measurement principle of carbon fiber (CF)-based textile strain gages (a) and method for the determination of specific sensor values (b).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous examinations made by the authors showed that CF is suitable as an in situ strain gage for the structural and strain monitoring of fiber-reinforced plastic components. [16][17][18][19] For the purpose of comparison, the typical sensor characteristic values, which apply to strain gages (cf. Figure 3(b)), were used: the gage factor k (Equation (3)), the linearity deviation A Lin (Equation 4) from an assumed linear transfer characteristic curve and the hysteresis A Hys (Equation 5).…”
This contribution will introduce carbon-reinforced concrete components (so-called carbon concrete composites, or C3) with sensor functionalities for innovative building envelopes. For a continuous in situ structural monitoring, these textile-reinforced concrete components are equipped with textile sensor networks consisting of resistive carbon fiber sensors (CFSs), which are integrated into the carbon fiber non-crimp fabrics of the concrete reinforcement by multiaxial warp-knitting. The in situ CFSs, consisting of 1 k or 50 k carbon fiber roving with added staple fiber/multifilament dielectric cladding, are later integral to the load-distributing elements of the concrete component, and elongations within these are easy to record with good correlation to ohmic resistance changes. Gage factors of k = 0.52–1.23 at linearity deviations of ALin = 4.0–8.7% are feasible. This allows a monitoring of C3 building envelopes for structural mechanical changes caused by physical changes within the component through mechanical or thermal loads or deformation and cracks.
“…6, a good correlation between applied loads, calculated strain and measured sensor signals is achieved. For further information, please refer to [3][4]. With the use of functional, biocompatible materials like viscose or chitosan moisture or pH-sensor yarns based on the coaxial sensor set-up for impedimetric measurements as shown in Fig.…”
Section: Fig 4 Functional Frp-demonstrator Of Wind Turbine Blade Wimentioning
“…According to the state of the art, metallized fibers, carbon fibers, or fine copper wires are commonly used to conduct electric current [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. These materials feature very low electrical resistances as well as several specific disadvantages: metal-based conductors are generally characterized by a very low elongation at break and almost no elastic strain [ 24 ].…”
Electrically conductive fibers are required for various applications in modern textile technology, e.g., the manufacturing of smart textiles and fiber composite systems with textile-based sensor and actuator systems. According to the state of the art, fine copper wires, carbon rovings, or metallized filament yarns, which offer very good electrical conductivity but low mechanical elongation capabilities, are primarily used for this purpose. However, for applications requiring highly flexible textile structures, as, for example, in the case of wearable smart textiles and fiber elastomer composites, the development of electrically conductive, elastic yarns is of great importance. Therefore, highly stretchable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was compounded with electrically conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and subsequently melt spun. The melt spinning technology had to be modified for the processing of highly viscous TPU–CNT compounds with fill levels of up to 6 wt.% CNT. The optimal configuration was achieved at a CNT content of 5 wt.%, providing an electrical resistance of 110 Ωcm and an elongation at break of 400%.
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