Manufacturing Technologies of Polymer Composites—A Review

Wu, Chenchen; Xu, Fan; Wang, Huixiong; Liu, Hong; Yan, Feng; Ma, Chao

doi:10.3390/polym15030712

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Various mechanical sensor types have been used for biomedical engineering applications including piezoelectric, capacitive, and piezoresistive sensors. Due to their versatile strain-sensing abilities, easy readout, and low energy requirements, piezoresistive materials have been widely investigated for robotics, biomedicine, and other applications (e.g., for biometrics and prosthetics), and enable wearable electronic devices, electronic skin, and flexible sensors, and implantable interfaces (34,35). Despite their potential for sensing technologies, using piezoresistive composites for biomedical sensors remains underexplored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Closed-loop Control of Bio-actuation for Proprioceptive Bio-hybrid Robots

Filippi,

Balciunaite,

Georgopoulou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Biohybrid robots are emergent soft robots that combine engineered artificial structures and living biosystems to exploit unique characteristics of biological cells and tissues. Skeletal muscle tissue-based bio-actuators can respond to externally applied stimuli, such as electrical fields. However, current bio-actuation systems rely on open-loop control strategies that lack knowledge of the actuator’s state. The regulation of output force and position of bio-hybrid robots requires self-sensing control systems that combine bio-actuators with sensors and control paradigms. Here, we propose a soft, fiber-shaped mechanical sensor based on a composite with piezoresistive properties that efficiently integrates with engineered skeletal muscle tissue and senses its contracting states in a cell culture environment in the presence of applied electrical fields. After testing the sensor’s insulation and biocompatibility, we characterized its sensitivity for typical strains (<1%) and proved its ability to detect motions from contractile skeletal muscle tissue constructs. Finally, we showed that the sensor response can feed an autonomous control system, thus demonstrating the first proprioceptive bio-hybrid robot that can sense and respond to its contraction state. In addition to inspiring intelligent implantable systems, informative biomedical models, and other bioelectronic systems, the proposed technology will encourage strategies to exceed the durability, design, and portability limitations of biohybrid robots and confer them decisional autonomy, thus driving the paradigm shift between bio-actuators and intelligent bio-hybrid robots.One Sentence SummaryIntegrating soft mechanical sensors into engineered skeletal muscle tissue enables bio-hybrid robots with proprioception.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Closed-loop Control of Bio-actuation for Proprioceptive Bio-hybrid Robots

Filippi,

Balciunaite,

Georgopoulou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The fabrication of 3D objects equipped with locomotion ability is called 4D printing, which first appeared in 2013. With the advances of this novel concept, the application scope of 4D printing has been extended to self‐assembly, [ 197 ] self‐adaptation, [ 198 ] and self‐healing. [ 199 ] Currently, there is a wide range of applicable 4D‐printing methods, including direct inkjet curing, [ 200 ] fused deposition modeling, [ 201 ] stereolithography, [ 202 ] laser‐assisted bioprinting, [ 203 ] and selective laser sintering.…”

Section: Soft Materials and Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on Underwater Soft Robots

Qu,

Xu,

et al. 2023

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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The ocean environment has enormous uncertainty due to the influence of complex waves and undercurrents. The human beings are limited in their abilities to detect and utilize marine resources without powerful tools. Soft robots employ soft materials to simplify the complex mechanical structures in rigid robots and adapt their morphology to the environment, making them suitable for performing some challenging tasks in place of manual labor. Due to superior flexible and deformable bodies, underwater soft robots have played significant roles in numerous applications in recent decades. Meanwhile, various technical challenges still need to be tackled to ensure the reliability and practical performance of underwater soft robots in complicated ocean environment. Nowadays, some researchers have developed underwater soft robotic systems based on biomimetics and other disciplines, aiming at comprehensive exploration of ocean and appropriate utilization of unexploited resources. This review presents the recent advances of underwater soft robots in the aspects of intelligent soft materials, fabrication, actuation, locomotion patterns, power storage, sensing, control, and modeling; additionally, the existing challenges and perspectives are analyzed as well.

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“…Duan et al [ 22 ] prepared a Triton X-100-modified fluorinated graphene and ZIF-8 composite epoxy coating, and the tests showed that the CoF of the coating was 0.15 under dry sliding wear at a load of 5 N and a sliding speed of 10 mm/s. The polymer coating is not only self-lubricating but also corrosion resistant [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Ren et al [ 26 ] prepared an h-BN@PDA epoxy coating and found that the corrosion potential of the composite coating in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was 0.1 V. Gu et al [ 27 ] studied the effect of modified graphene oxide (BGO) on the corrosion resistance of epoxy coatings and found that the resistance of the epoxy coating with 0.1 wt% BGO was 1.03 GΩ·cm 2 in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tribological and Mechanical Properties of PI/PAI/EP Polymer Coating under Oil Lubrication, Seawater Corrosion and Dry Sliding Wear

Cao

et al. 2023

Polymers

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To investigate the tribological performance of a copper alloy engine bearing under oil lubrication, seawater corrosion and dry sliding wear, three different PI/PAI/EP coatings consisting of 1.5 wt% Ce2O3, 2 wt% Ce2O3, 2.5 wt% Ce2O3 were designed, respectively. These designed coatings were prepared on the surface of CuPb22Sn2.5 copper alloy using a liquid spraying process. The tribological properties of these coatings under different working conditions were tested. The results show that the hardness of the coating decreases gradually with the addition of Ce2O3, and the agglomeration of Ce2O3 is the main reason for the decrease of hardness. The wear amount of the coating increases first and then decreases with the increase of Ce2O3 content under dry sliding wear. The wear mechanism is abrasive wear under the condition of seawater. The wear resistance of the coating decreases with the increase of Ce2O3 content. The wear resistance of the coating with 1.5 wt% Ce2O3 is the best under-seawater corrosion. Although Ce2O3 has corrosion resistance, the coating of 2.5 wt% Ce2O3 has the worst wear resistance under seawater conditions due to severe wear caused by agglomeration. Under oil lubrication conditions, the frictional coefficient of the coating is stable. The lubricating oil film has a good lubrication and protection effect.

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Manufacturing Technologies of Polymer Composites—A Review

Cited by 27 publications

References 166 publications

Integrated Closed-loop Control of Bio-actuation for Proprioceptive Bio-hybrid Robots

Integrated Closed-loop Control of Bio-actuation for Proprioceptive Bio-hybrid Robots

Recent Advances on Underwater Soft Robots

The Tribological and Mechanical Properties of PI/PAI/EP Polymer Coating under Oil Lubrication, Seawater Corrosion and Dry Sliding Wear

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