Manufacturing processes and recycling technology of automotive lithium-ion battery: A review

Qi, Lingfei; Wang, Yuan; Kong, Lingji; Yi, Minyi; Song, Juhuang; Hao, Daning; Zhou, Xianzheng; Zhang, Zutao; Yan, Jinyue

doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.107533

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…However, due to the restrictions of time for performing experiments in the battery-testing lab, tests may be conducted on a limited number of samples. Accordingly, a study was performed to assess the number of licensed Automotive manufacturers and battery manufacturers are expected to be responsible for reusing or recycling the batteries at their end of life [41,42]. By increasing the number of EVs and, consequently, incrementing the number of retired batteries, there is incentive for manufacturers to create a second revenue stream from the batteries before recycling them [43].…”

Section: Battery Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Technical Challenges and Solutions in Maximising the Potential Use of Second Life Batteries from Electric Vehicles

Salek,

Resalati,

Babaie

et al. 2024

Batteries

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The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) on the roads has led to a rise in the number of batteries reaching the end of their first life. Such batteries, however, still have a capacity of 75–80% remaining, creating an opportunity for a second life in less power-intensive applications. Utilising these second-life batteries (SLBs) requires specific preparation, including grading the batteries based on their State of Health (SoH); repackaging, considering the end-use requirements; and the development of an accurate battery-management system (BMS) based on validated theoretical models. In this paper, we conduct a technical review of mathematical modelling and experimental analyses of SLBs to address existing challenges in BMS development. Our review reveals that most of the recent research focuses on environmental and economic aspects rather than technical challenges. The review suggests the use of equivalent-circuit models with 2RCs and 3RCs, which exhibit good accuracy for estimating the performance of lithium-ion batteries during their second life. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests provide valuable information about the SLBs’ degradation history and conditions. For addressing calendar-ageing mechanisms, electrochemical models are suggested over empirical models due to their effectiveness and efficiency. Additionally, generating cycle-ageing test profiles based on real application scenarios using synthetic load data is recommended for reliable predictions. Artificial intelligence algorithms show promise in predicting SLB cycle-ageing fading parameters, offering significant time-saving benefits for lab testing. Our study emphasises the importance of focusing on technical challenges to facilitate the effective utilisation of SLBs in stationary applications, such as building energy-storage systems and EV charging stations.

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Section: Battery Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Technical Challenges and Solutions in Maximising the Potential Use of Second Life Batteries from Electric Vehicles

Salek,

Resalati,

Babaie

et al. 2024

Batteries

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“… 1 , 2 , 3 Wearable devices rely on batteries for power. 4 However, for workers who are on the go for long periods, batteries with limited capacity need to be replaced or recharged frequently, which hinders the convenience of wearable devices. 5 Self-powered technology based on energy harvesting is a promising solution to the endurance problem of wearable devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A self-powered and self-sensing knee negative energy harvester

Hao,

Li,

et al. 2024

iScience

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“…Blend anodes contain two or more different AMs whose properties can be combined. For example, silicon can be used as an additional AM, [ 40 ] since it has a significantly increased specific discharge capacity of 3579 mAh g −1 , [ 16 ] which is significantly higher than graphite with 372 mAh g −1 . This leads to higher volumetric densities and thus thinner electrodes, which improves fast charging ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12,13] Nevertheless, the economic performance of the battery cell is impacted not only by its service life, which emphasizes cycle stability, energy density, and safety but also by the manufacturing process and associated production costs of the LIBs. [14][15][16] For this reason, an alternative to state-of-the-art batch mixing is being introduced to decrease the cost of commercial slurry production. Hence, this study concentrates on both the production aspect, specifically the manufacturing process, and the material aspect, emphasizing the utilization of high-capacity AMs in anode blends.To enable cost-reduced production of the battery, Dreger et al introduced a twin screw extruder for dispersion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Screw Geometry and Solids Content on the Properties of Continuously Produced Si Anodes

Grenda,

Weber,

Jagau

et al. 2024

Energy Tech

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Within the realm of lithium‐ion batteries, there is a growing emphasis on achieving high energy density and environmentally friendly production at a low cost. To address these demands, the battery slurries in this study incorporate the high‐energy anode material silicon. They are systematically produced through continuous extrusion, aiming to realize cost reductions by significantly reducing the overall process time. In this study, it is demonstrated that the choice of screw configuration and solids content during kneading influences the specific energy input and the stress intensity during processing significantly. The stress intensity, represented here by the specific torque, has a great influence on the slurry properties as well as the electrochemical performance of the battery. An increased stress intensity leads to an increase in adhesive strength and ionic resistance. In the results, it is indicated that carbon black decomposition increases significantly, but when a critical specific stress intensity in form of the specific torque is reached, delamination and fracture of the graphite particles occur, leading to a loss of lithium‐ion storage capacity, favoring lithium plating and severely degrading both capacity by up to 40% at 1C and long‐term performance by up to 10% after 50 cycles.

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Manufacturing processes and recycling technology of automotive lithium-ion battery: A review

Cited by 19 publications

References 170 publications

A Review of the Technical Challenges and Solutions in Maximising the Potential Use of Second Life Batteries from Electric Vehicles

A Review of the Technical Challenges and Solutions in Maximising the Potential Use of Second Life Batteries from Electric Vehicles

A self-powered and self-sensing knee negative energy harvester

Impact of Screw Geometry and Solids Content on the Properties of Continuously Produced Si Anodes

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