Manufacturing of zeolite based catalyst from zeolite tuft for biodiesel production from waste sunflower oil

Aljammal, Noor; Al-Hamamre, Zayed; Alnaief, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.018

Cited by 78 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…As a result, the number of the active sites available for the reaction will be less in number. These achievements agree with the previously reported data by other researchers (Al-Jammal et al, 2016;Girish et al, 2013;Takase et al, 2014 ). Moreover, deactivation of the catalyst could also be due to the adsorption of oil, methyl ester, glycerol and free fatty acids on the surface of catalyst (Girish et al, 2013).…”

Section: Reusability Of the Solid Catalystsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As shown in Figure 3(c), the lower temperatures (30-50 C) were accompanied by lower conversion, which could be ascribed to the higher viscosity of the oil at lower temperatures, causing lower mass transfer resistance among oil-methanol-catalyst phases Fadhil et al, 2016b;Hindryawati et al, 2014;Takase et al, 2014;Zabeti et al, 2009). The conversion yield increased with increasing the reaction temperature and reached the maximum value at 65 C. On the other hand, the reaction temperatures higher than 65 C reduced the methyl ester yield due the evaporation and forming bubbles of methanol, which might inhibit the interface interaction (Al-Jammal, Al-Hamamre, & Alnaief, 2016;Encinar et al, 2010;Takase et al, 2014). Thus, value of 65 C was chosen as the optimal reaction temperature based on this observation.…”

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Fadhil

Aziz

Altamer

2018

Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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The present investigation reports transesterification of non-edible oils, waste cooking oil (WCO) and waste fish oil (WFO) with methanol using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a solid base catalyst. Activated carbon was prepared from polyethylene terephthalate waste and loaded with KOH by wet impregnation method to prepare KOH/AC solid base catalyst. X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize the resulting solid base catalyst. Retention method was utilized to measure the specific surface area of the activated carbon and its derived solid base catalyst, while Hammett indicator method was followed to determine the basic strength of the prepared solid base catalyst. The prepared catalyst has granular and porous structures with a high basicity and a superior catalytic performance for the transesterification reaction. Transesterification reaction variables were arranged to obtain the best biodiesel yield. The highest methyl ester yield from WCO (88.12% w/w with an ester content of 96.68% w/w) was obtained by employing 3.5 wt.% KOH/AC catalyst, 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 65 C reaction temperature, the reaction time of 180 min and the stirring rate of 600 rpm, while maximum methyl ester yield from WFO (92.66% w/w with 96.98% w/w ester content) was produced with 3.0 wt.% KOH/AC catalyst, 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio at 65 C for 150 minutes of the reaction and 600 rpm. The prepared solid base catalyst was recoverable and thermally stable giving a yield of 70 wt.% after the 5th cycle. The fuel properties of the raw oils were significantly enhanced after transesterification with methanol in the presence of KOH/AC, and were in conformity with the ASTM D 6751 limits as well. Therefore, the prepared KOH/AC composite may be considered as a promising solid base catalyst for transesterification of non-edible oils with methanol. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Reusability Of the Solid Catalystsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Fadhil

Aziz

Altamer

2018

Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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“…The reactant waste vegetable (sunflower) oil (WVO) was collected from the University of Jordan restaurant. The zeolitic tuff was obtained from the Jordanian Natural Resources Authority (NRA), after being collected from the Jabal-Aritayn site (30 km northeast of Azraq) south of Jordan [36]. Analytical-grade hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, 90%) and methanol (99.5%) were used.…”

Section: Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The zeolite catalyst was prepared from zeolitic tuff using two impregnation steps with heating encountered in the second step, according to the procedure described in the literature [36]. The analytical results (XRD) confirmed phillipsite, forsterite, chabazite, quartz, hematite and sanidine in the raw zeolitic tuff.…”

Section: Properties Of the Zeolitic Tuffmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific surface area of the raw zeolitic tuff was 77 m 2 /g. The transesterification reaction was carried out using the prepared catalyst and according to the procedure described in the literature [36]. The preliminary results [36] showed that the KOH-treated zeolitic tuff, hereinafter referred to as the treated zeolitic tuff (TZT) catalyst, had the highest activity, and therefore, the investigations presented in the current work refer only to this catalyst.…”

Section: Properties Of the Zeolitic Tuffmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Studies for Clean Technology Development in the Chemical Industry Using Zeolite Based Catalysts

et al. 2018

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This paper deals with the practical implementation of cleaner technologies in the chemical industry, using two case studies as an illustration. The first case study deals with the removal of NOx and N2O gases over an iron-doped ZSM-5 catalyst developed for tail gas treatment in nitric acid manufacturing. The aim for this case study was to investigate the efficiency of the zeolitic catalyst in the DeNOx process and to compare its catalytic activity with the conventional vanadia-titania. By the experiments carried out, it can be concluded that the new technological developments could significantly contribute to a decrease in environmental pollution. The second case study focuses on zeolite-based catalysts prepared from zeolitic tuff by the impregnation method, for biodiesel production from waste sunflower vegetable oil. The effects of operating and processing variables such as reaction temperature and time were investigated. The results showed that the highest biodiesel yield was 96.7% at an 11.5 MeOH/oil molar ratio, in the presence of 6.4 wt % catalyst at a 50 °C reaction temperature and reaction time of 2 h. The properties of the biodiesel that was produced, such as the viscosity, meet the required specifications of standard JUS EN14214. The common feature of the two different case studies is that both technologies use zeolite catalysts, namely naturally-occurring zeolitic tuff and synthetic ZSM type zeolite catalyst. The examples shown emphasize the importance of the zeolites in clean chemical technologies, which contribute to the protection of the environment.

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Metal–organic frameworks as catalysts for fructose conversion into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural: Catalyst screening and parametric study

Aljammal

Lenssens

Reviere

et al. 2021

Applied Organom Chemis

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Hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) is a vital biomass‐derived platform chemical for the production of secondary value‐added chemicals. In this work, fructose conversion into 5‐HMF over metal–organic framework (MOF) has been considered. Several MOF‐based catalysts were synthesized and examined in fructose dehydration into 5‐HMF via a microwave‐assisted reactor. Each MOF's catalytic performance was evaluated concerning its surface area, pore size, and acid density. The results showed satisfactory fructose conversion levels for all studied MOFs in the range of 60%–99%. As a catalyst, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) resulted in excellent fructose conversion, but interestingly, higher quantities of side products such as formic and levulinic acids were produced. The higher 5‐HMF yields, up to 90%, were obtained over the MIL‐101 (MIL, Materials Institute Lavoisier) family, such as MIL‐101‐SO3H. This result is ascribed to the fact that functionalized MOF possesses hydrothermal stability, high surface area, and suitable pore sizes.

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Manufacturing of zeolite based catalyst from zeolite tuft for biodiesel production from waste sunflower oil

Cited by 78 publications

References 50 publications

Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Case Studies for Clean Technology Development in the Chemical Industry Using Zeolite Based Catalysts

Metal–organic frameworks as catalysts for fructose conversion into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural: Catalyst screening and parametric study

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