Manufacturing of carbon black from spent tyre pyrolysis oil – A literature review

Okoye, Chiemeka Onyeka; Jones, Isabelle; Zhu, Mingming; Zhang, Zhezi; Zhang, Dongke

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123336

Cited by 78 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Moreover, the transformation of pyrolysis oil into carbon black is deemed to be a sustainable route for rCB production [ 132 ]. Ongoing research evidences similarities between rCB materials produced from pyrolysis oil and typical feedstock (e.g., ELT) in terms of yield, particle size distribution, surface area, and absorption capacity [ 133 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Upgrading of Recovered Carbon Black from the Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

Costa

Fowler²,

Carreira³

et al. 2022

Materials

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Increasing awareness regarding fossil fuel dependence, waste valorization, and greenhouse gas emissions have prompted the emergence of new solutions for numerous markets over the last decades. The tire industry is no exception to this, with a global production of more than 1.5 billion tires per year raising environmental concerns about their end-of-life recycling or disposal. Pyrolysis enables the recovery of both energy and material from end-of-life tires, yielding valuable gas, liquid, and solid fractions. The latter, known as recovered carbon black (rCB), has been extensively researched in the last few years to ensure its quality for market applications. These studies have shown that rCB quality depends on the feedstock composition and pyrolysis conditions such as type of reactor, temperature range, heating rate, and residence time. Recent developments of activation and demineralization techniques target the production of rCB with specific chemical, physical, and morphological properties for singular applications. The automotive industry, which is the highest consumer of carbon black, has set specific targets to incorporate recycled materials (such as rCB) following the principles of sustainability and a circular economy. This review summarizes the pyrolysis of end-of-life tires for the production of syngas, oil, and rCB, focusing on the process conditions and product yield and composition. A further analysis of the characteristics of the solid material is performed, including their influence on the rCB application as a substitute of commercial CB in the tire industry. Purification and modification post-treatment processes for rCB upgrading are also inspected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Upgrading of Recovered Carbon Black from the Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

Costa

Fowler²,

Carreira³

et al. 2022

Materials

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show abstract

“…On the other hand, the report of ICBA has also pointed out that the carbon black quality achieved from pyrolysis is close to semi‐reinforcing grade carbon black, except for the high ash content (50% or more). In this case, it is suggested that demineralization of carbon black has been proposed to offer both a cleaner use approach and to increase its economic feasibility 45 …”

Section: Pyrolysis Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of waste‐to‐energy potential of ELT management: An actual case study for Erzincan

Gungor

Tozlu

Arslantürk

2021

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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End‐of‐life tires (ELTs) and their decomposition are becoming a major environmental issue in the local region as a result of economic and technological challenges. Despite this, ELT management is gaining popularity as an advanced function for treating tires to obtain char, oil, and gas products using pyrolysis. The main goal of this article is to integrate data from an actual recycling plant with the activities of pyrolysis products and their physical properties in the literature. This article presents energy potentials and basic applications of pyrolysis products as well as advances in the current situation in ELT management in the world. Accordingly, an existing ELT management in Erzincan, Turkey is explained in detail by considering the available energy recovery and material treatment activities. In this plant, which has an installed power capacity of 12 MW, approximately 25 tons of pyrolytic oil, 10.7 tons of pyrolytic gas, 24 tons of carbon black and, 10.4 tons of steel are produced daily. The calorific values of carbon black and pyrolytic oil for the products leaving the pyrolysis plant are close to the values in the literature, which is promising. In the plant, the overall thermal efficiency of the system and the engine is found to be 26.34% and 51.24%, respectively. On the other hand, to supply additional power to the plant utilizing exhaust gas discharged to the atmosphere, some thermodynamic models can be developed; additionally, more rational values can be obtained through thermoeconomic and optimization.

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“…It is obtained by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as tar or liquid hydrocarbon also coal, or ethylene cracking. [10] Most globally produced CB was used as reinforcing filler in rubber applications and the remaining was used in other various applications, for example, inks, coatings, conductivity agents in batteries, and so forth. [11][12][13] High mechanical strength, distinguished resilience, outstanding elasticity, good low heat built-up, abrasion resistance, and excellent dynamic properties characterize the rubber filled by CB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar from waste agriculture as reinforcement filer for styrene/butadiene rubber

et al. 2021

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Carbon black (CB), obtained by incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products, is the most important filler used to improve the properties of various rubber composites. Its production process causes very serious environmental impacts in addition to its dependence on nonrenewable resources. Therefore, the trend has been to use eco‐friendly alternative materials that reduce the pollution associated with the CB production process and at the same time achieve the required mechanical properties of rubber composites. Biochar, a carbon‐rich solid product, could fulfill this role. It can be obtained by pyrolysis of organic matter such as agricultural waste in the absence of air at temperatures of 400–600°C. Herein, biochar was used in different ratios with CB to investigate its effect on the mechanical properties of styrene/butadiene rubber. The chemical composition of biochar and CB was investigated using a scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray fluorescence. In addition, the thermal properties, tensile strength, elongation at break, as well as thermo‐oxidative aging of the prepared rubber were studied. The tensile strength for styrene/butadiene rubber (SBR) composites containing 100% CB was 14.9 MPa, which decreases by adding biochar where it becomes 13.5, 11.2, 9.5, and 6.9 for SBR composites containing 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% biochar, respectively. Furthermore, the vulcanized sample with 25% biochar (E2) shows higher retained tensile strength values than that containing 100% CB (E1) with increasing the aging time.

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Manufacturing of carbon black from spent tyre pyrolysis oil – A literature review

Cited by 78 publications

References 73 publications

Production and Upgrading of Recovered Carbon Black from the Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

Production and Upgrading of Recovered Carbon Black from the Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

Assessment of waste‐to‐energy potential of ELT management: An actual case study for Erzincan

Biochar from waste agriculture as reinforcement filer for styrene/butadiene rubber

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