Manufacturing conductive polyaniline/graphite nanocomposites with spent battery powder (SBP) for energy storage: A potential approach for sustainable waste management

Nanomaterial Synthesis from End‐of‐Cycle Products: A Sustainable Way of Waste Valorisation

“…The temperature of chemical vapor deposition method was fixed at 650-800 °C [36]. Parasuram Cobalt oxide Lithium ion battery Chemical leaching [16] Cadmium sulfide Nickel-cadmium battery Chemical leaching [17] Silver Spent silver oxide button cell batteries Chemical leaching, purification, remical reduction [18] Zinc oxide Zinc-carbon batteries Heating in a horizental tube furnace at 900 °C in argon atmosphere [19] Zinc oxide, manganese oxide Zinc-carbon batteries Heating in a horizental tube furnace at 900 °C in argon atmosphere [20] Cobalt ferrite Lithium ion battery Combined sol-gel and hydrothermal method, coprecipitation [21][22] Lead iodide, perovskite NCs Car batteries Roasting at 500-600 °C and dissolution [23] Polyaniline/graphite nanocomposites Spent battery powder (SBP) Oxidative polymerization [24] Nickel-manganese-zinc/manganese-zinc ferrites Zinc-manganese, nickel-metalhydride, zinc-carbon batteries Sol-gel, leaching, and precipitation [25][26][27][28] Cobalt ferrite Lithion ion battery Coprecipitation [29] Manganese dioxide/graphene nanocomposites Zinc-manganese oxide acidic dry batteries Precipitation method [30] Figure 2. Schematic experimental setup and steps to synthesize manganese oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles [20].…”

Recycling Waste Batteries: Recovery of Valuable Resources or Reutilization as Functional Materials

“…Following the principle of “What comes from the power should be used for the power”, the waste batteries have been widely used for the preparation of electrode materials for energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors (Table ), LIBs (Table ), lead–acid batteries and Zn–air battery.…”

“…Duan et al established a novel strategy to use such chemical oxidative capacity for the oxidation polymerization of the monomers of conductive polymers, such as aniline and pyrrole, as a green process to transform MnO 2 into Mn 2+ ions for resource recovery (Scheme ). Under the optimized reaction conditions with the complete consumption of MnO 2 , the final G/conductive polymer composites (graphene/polyaniline (G/PANI) and graphene/polypyrrole (G/PPy)) showed better specific capacitance and cycling stability. The group also synthesized the rGO/G/PANI ternary nanocomposites with enhanced capacitive performance with specific capacitance of 421 F/g at 1 A/g in comparison with the G/PANI of 317 F/g at 1 A/g, by adding graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as 2-dimensional conductive support in the oxidation polymerization of aniline with SBP …”

Polyanilines from spent battery powder and activated carbon: Electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitor cell

“…In the literature, MnO 2 was isolated from the spent battery cells and used as an oxidizing agent to prepare PANI 24 and PPy. 25 The isolated MnO 2 prepared PANI, and PPy electrodes were tested for their electrochemical performance.…”