Manufacturing, Composition, Properties and Application of Sintered Hard Metals

Abstract

Among other materials, hard metals represent an important family of functional materials. They show properties that are combinations of those of their constituents. The general idea while using hard metals is to exploit their excellent properties in terms of hardness, toughness, wear resistance, and chemical stability. These characteristics made hard metals as promising candidate for use as a cutting tool, which constitutes their main area of application. Depending on the particular use, the most important properties can be achieved: (i) by properly selecting the constituents made up the whole composition, (ii) by varying the relative composition of the phases, or (iii) by applying a suitable hard metal coating layer on the top of the cutting tool. This chapter presents a general overview of the actual scenario concerning different tool materials, including a short history and description of state-of-the-art techniques as regards their composition, their manufacturing routes and their most important properties. Some results of the own research in this field are carried out during the years will integrate this part.

The Tribological Properties of Titanium Carbonitride TiCN Coating Lubricated with Non-Toxic Cutting Fluid

“…Technological developments have created the need for coatings that meet demanding applications of advanced materials. Single layer and multilayer coatings, widely used especially on cutting tools [1][2][3], increase the quality of machined parts and enable high speed cutting [1]. Titanium carbonitride (TiCN) coating is characterized by high hardness and low friction, can be applied by physical deposition (PVD) at temperatures ranging from 300 to 450°C [3], exhibits high melting temperature [4], anti-wear behaviour, chemical stability and corrosion resistance [5,6].…”

Integrated procedure for recycling and valorization of useful components from secondary raw materials based on hard metals

“…The costs of tungsten carbide (WC) production from primary tungsten are 4 times higher than those of WC recycled from scrap, according to international estimates. It can be clearly concluded that the recycling process is not only economically justified, but very desirable, especially in those areas where powder metallurgy has primate [5,7].…”

Ferramentas de corte a base de carbonetos cimentados (metais duros) aplicadas ao torneamento de aço AISI 4340 endurecido: contribuição ao estudo de substituição ao sistema WC-Co por uma alternativa NbC-Ni.

“…O desempenho das ferramentas de HSS pode ser aumentado ainda mais pela aplicação de revestimento. Entre os revestimentos mais usados estão o nitreto de titânio, o qual permite aumentar a velocidade de corte e uma maior vida útil da ferramenta (HOSSEINI; KISHAWY, 2014;KLOCKE, 2011;TRENT;WRIGHT, 2000;PETER;ROSSO, 2017).…”

“…Devido a sua reduzida moabilidade e ao desenvolvimento de carbonetos sinterizados, o uso de Stellite ficou desatualizado rapidamente. A tendência progressiva no desenvolvimento de ferramentas de corte mais avançadas e duráveis continuou com a introdução do metal-duro ao longo da década de 1920 e com pastilhas de cerâmica após a Segunda Guerra Mundial (HOSSEINI; KISHAWY, 2014;KLOCKE, 2011;PETER;ROSSO, 2017).…”

“…O termo "carboneto de tungstênio" descreve uma família abrangente de composições de metal-duro usado para ferramentas de corte de metal, matrizes e de vários tipos de peças resistentes ao desgaste. Em geral, esses materiais são compostos de carbonetos de tungstênio, titânio, tântalo ou alguma combinação destes, estes são sinterizados com um ligante, geralmente cobalto (HOSSEINI; KISHAWY, 2014;KLOCKE, 2011;TRENT;WRIGHT, 2000;PETER;ROSSO, 2017).…”