Manufacturing Color-Blended Slub Yarn: Computer Numerically Controlled Ring-Spinning Frame and Kubelka-Munk Double Constant Theory

Abstract

In the present work, we used the computer numerically controlled (CNC) ring-spinning frame to produce the color-blended slub yarns made from three different colored rovings with a 10% blending gradient. The blending ratio of rovings was determined by Kubelka-Munk (K-M) double constant theory. The as-manufactured yarns were made into knit fabrics with a circular knitting machine. The relative value method was used to solve the absorption and scattering coefficients of each colored fiber, and the least-square method was used to solve for the blending ratio of color-blended slub yarn. The results show that the average color difference between predicted and measured L*a*b* values was 1.74, and the error of the blending ratio was 7.38%, which are within the acceptable ranges for color matching of yarns.

Construction of circular-shaped chromatic model and spinning of full color gamut colored yarn by digital blending of three primary colored fibers

“…On the basis of equation ( 11), the chromatography matrix of the full color gamut is achieved as follows: (12) As a result of equation ( 12), the matrix model of the color mixing of the full color gamut is acquired as indicated in Figure 3.…”

“…9–11 Finally, the control mechanism of mixing ratios of multiple primary colored fibers by three-channel CNC spinning is combined with the full color gamut mixing model to build a synergistic regulation mechanism of ‘multichannel drafting ratios – colored fiber mixing ratios – colors of yarns’, followed by the digital drive and timing control techniques to regulate the colors of forming yarns and attain the variations of hue from 0° to 360°, lightness from 0 to 1, and saturation from 0 to 1, thereby fulfilling the spinning of full color gamut yarns. 12–15…”

“…[9][10][11] Finally, the control mechanism of mixing ratios of multiple primary colored fibers by threechannel CNC spinning is combined with the full color gamut mixing model to build a synergistic regulation mechanism of 'multichannel drafting ratioscolored fiber mixing ratios -colors of yarns', followed by the digital drive and timing control techniques to regulate the colors of forming yarns and attain the variations of hue from 0 to 360 , lightness from 0 to 1, and saturation from 0 to 1, thereby fulfilling the spinning of full color gamut yarns. [12][13][14][15] The practical application of digital colored spinning techniques encompasses three crucial issues that need to be addressed: (a) on the basis of the blending mode of three primary colored rovings, a color mixing chromatography for three primary colored fibers is established and its digitization and visualization of the full color gamut chromatography is implemented; (b) the corresponding blending ratios of the three primary colored fibers are attained according to the full color gamut digital chromatography; (c) the three-channel coupling drafting ratio is acquired in accordance with the blending ratios of the three primary colored fibers and thus utilized for the preparation of full color gamut colored yarns. In order to overcome the restrictions of traditional spinning techniques, a full color gamut stereo is established here according to the blending mode of the three primary colored rovings to fulfil the visualization of the full color gamut chromatography.…”

Symmetrical circulation gradient color system construction and gradient color yarn spun by a three-channel numerical control spinning system

“…Digital spinning is a spinning method that is essentially characterized by asynchronous drafting of multiple rovings (multiple channels), which can control the blending ratio, linear density and twist of the yarn online. 13,14 Figures 4(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of a three-channel mixed-color numerical control spinning system. In the figure, the back rollers 4-6 are combined rollers composed of nested shaft sleeves driven by independent servo motors.…”

Research on colored yarns for a full color phase mixing model and the Stearns–Noechel color prediction approach

“…6 However, there are also some colored products in the color industry that belong to spatial juxtaposition mixing, which are neither fully compatible with the principle of additive mixing nor subtractive mixing, bringing great difficulties to the reproduction of color mixing, typically such as colored yarns for factories and the colored yarns fabricated by a three-channel computer numerical control (CNC) ring spinning frame in this research. [7][8][9] The major color mixing theories for textiles are the Kubelka-Munk theory, Friele model, Stearns-Noechel formula, and neural networks. [10][11][12][13] Among them, the Kubelka-Munk theory has been widely used for the prediction of dye compositions or paint formulations, but rarely for the forecast of mixed colors of colored fibers.…”