Manufacturing and Characterization of Functionally Graded Material Automotive Piston Using Centrifugal Casting Technique

Abstract

The process of fabricating reliable materials according to efficient usage has become one of the most vital concerns. In this paper, the fabrication of functionally graded materials (FGMs) is the target using a specified application of an internal combustion engine piston model to achieve such a gradient. With a convenient rotational speed under the concept of centrifugal casting technique, the required gradient piston was successfully produced from two pure aluminum alloys A336 and A242 by such a new mechanical technique for having the required gradient. The percentages of internal ingredients, mainly, silicon were controlled axially through the piston. Chemical composition analysis, micro-hardness and wear resistance tests were performed to check the gradient and to know the difference between mechanical properties for each piston portion from its top combustion chamber to its skirt, achieving compatible results through performed tests. Obvious opposite direction gradient of silicon content to copper content appeared. Micro-hardness, wear resistance and coefficient of friction values showed a successfully gradient in the axial direction of the piston model.

Thermal buckling in multi-directional porous plates: The effects of material grading and aspect ratio

“…35 Many researchers have fabricated the FGM plate successfully by the methods suggested above, and the details of the same can be seen in Ref. 36 In all the mentioned methods, the purpose is to fabricate a high-density product; however, porosity in a structure develops due to several reasons such as wrong operating procedure (insufficient sintering time or temperature, improper solidification, particle shape/sizes). The type of FGM plate studied can be used in applications where it acts as a main load-bearing component that will be subjected to a combination of loads, whereas the foam materials are structures in which material is added only where it is required.…”

Multi-Directional Functionally Graded Sandwich Plates: Buckling and Free Vibration Analysis with Refined Plate Models under Various Boundary Conditions

“…Manufacturing techniques such as solid-state, liquid-state, or deposition processes enable the fabrication of these materials [28,29]. The research on FG structures, including plates, disks, and beams, has predominantly focused on unidirectional FGMs, as evidenced by the existing literature [30][31][32]. Fabrication methods must minimize the delamination that results from differences in the materials' physical and chemical characteristics, necessitating techniques that ensure consistent thermo-mechanical properties [33].…”