Abstract:This study focuses on new technologies for the production of medical implants using a combination of robotics and microplasma coatings. This involves robot assisted microplasma spraying (MPS) of a multilayer surface structure on a biomedical implant. The robot motion design provides
a consistent and customised plasma coating operation. Based on the analytical model results, certain spraying modes were chosen to form the optimised composition and structure of the titanium/hydroxyapatite (HA) multilayer coating… Show more
“…It can be assumed that a porous coating with a high surface roughness can be obtained due to large particles moving at a low speed, as in Run 8. In the previous T. Kolesnikova: Fabrication and characterization of Zr microplasma sprayed coatings for medical applications study of characteristics of coatings obtained by the MPS of Ti wire [18], the surface roughness of Ti coatings (Ra) varied from 12 μm to more than 50 μm depending on the combination of spraying parameters (I, Q, H, Vw,). The maximum surface roughness (more than 50 μm) corresponded to a run with a combination of the minimum values of variable MPS parameters, similar to Run 8 in this study (Table 1)…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The production and research site, where experimental medical implants from titanium alloys are manufactured by CNC machines, operates at D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University [18,20,21]. Titanium alloys are the preferred material for the production of orthopedic and dental prostheses.…”
Section: Materials and Research Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These specimen dimensions are also optimal for further studies, both for placement in the SEM chamber and for the preparation of cross-sections. To manufacture the medical implants (parts of the elbow and hip joint components) the CTX 510 ecoline CNC turning and milling machine and DMU 50 CNC milling machine (DMG MORI AG, Germany) have been used [18,20]. Before MPS, for the substrate surface activation [28], the substrate surface was subjected to gas abrasive blasting treatment followed by cleaning.…”
Section: Materials and Research Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Experiment planning was carried out according to a linear model, that is, the contribution of each factor (parameter) was assumed to be equal, and it was also assumed that the factors did not affect each other. The maximum and minimum values of the parameters at which the process is technically feasible and the contribution of each factor is independent, that is, the factors (parameters) do not affect each other, were chosen experimentally, based on the previous studies [18,19].The interpretation of the experimental results was carried out by the methods of regression analysis using Excel to calculate the coefficient of determination for the model. The following parameters were selected as variable parameters: amperage (I, A), plasma gas flow rate (Q, slpm), spraying distance (H, m) and wire flow rate (Vw, m/min).…”
Section: Materials and Research Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The use of robotic MPS allows for precision coating deposition on complex-shaped implant parts, such as parts of elbow and hip replacements. In our previous papers [18][19][20][21][22], it was shown that robotic microplasma spraying can produce coatings on medical implants made of biocompatible titanium and hydroxyapatite materials with the desired porosity and roughness, meeting the requirements of international standards for implants for surgery in terms of coating adhesive strength [23], crystallinity and purity [24].…”
This paper presents new results of studying the influence of parameters of microplasma spraying (MPS) of Zr wire on the structure of Zr coatings. The coating experiments were accomplished in a two level fractional factorial design. Individual particles of sprayed Zr wire and their splats on the substrate were collected under various spraying parameters (amperage, spraying distance, plasma gas flow rate and wire flow rate) and evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to establish the effect of particle size and shape on the coating microstructure. The particles were characterized by measurement of their sizes and the obtained results were evaluated in terms of their degree of melting. This was compared with the experimentally observed coating microstructure type and finally correlated to the investigated coating porosity to select the specific MPS parameters of Zr coatings depositing onto medical implants from Ti alloy. It was found that the main parameters influencing the size of the sprayed Zr particles and the porosity of the Zr coatings are the plasma gas flow rate and amperage. It was demonstrated that it is possible to control the porosity of Zr microplasma coatings in the range from 2.8% to 20.3% by changing the parameters of the MPS. The parameters of microplasma spraying of Zr wire were established to obtain medical implant coatings with porosity up to 20.3% and pore size up to 300 μm.
“…It can be assumed that a porous coating with a high surface roughness can be obtained due to large particles moving at a low speed, as in Run 8. In the previous T. Kolesnikova: Fabrication and characterization of Zr microplasma sprayed coatings for medical applications study of characteristics of coatings obtained by the MPS of Ti wire [18], the surface roughness of Ti coatings (Ra) varied from 12 μm to more than 50 μm depending on the combination of spraying parameters (I, Q, H, Vw,). The maximum surface roughness (more than 50 μm) corresponded to a run with a combination of the minimum values of variable MPS parameters, similar to Run 8 in this study (Table 1)…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The production and research site, where experimental medical implants from titanium alloys are manufactured by CNC machines, operates at D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University [18,20,21]. Titanium alloys are the preferred material for the production of orthopedic and dental prostheses.…”
Section: Materials and Research Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These specimen dimensions are also optimal for further studies, both for placement in the SEM chamber and for the preparation of cross-sections. To manufacture the medical implants (parts of the elbow and hip joint components) the CTX 510 ecoline CNC turning and milling machine and DMU 50 CNC milling machine (DMG MORI AG, Germany) have been used [18,20]. Before MPS, for the substrate surface activation [28], the substrate surface was subjected to gas abrasive blasting treatment followed by cleaning.…”
Section: Materials and Research Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Experiment planning was carried out according to a linear model, that is, the contribution of each factor (parameter) was assumed to be equal, and it was also assumed that the factors did not affect each other. The maximum and minimum values of the parameters at which the process is technically feasible and the contribution of each factor is independent, that is, the factors (parameters) do not affect each other, were chosen experimentally, based on the previous studies [18,19].The interpretation of the experimental results was carried out by the methods of regression analysis using Excel to calculate the coefficient of determination for the model. The following parameters were selected as variable parameters: amperage (I, A), plasma gas flow rate (Q, slpm), spraying distance (H, m) and wire flow rate (Vw, m/min).…”
Section: Materials and Research Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The use of robotic MPS allows for precision coating deposition on complex-shaped implant parts, such as parts of elbow and hip replacements. In our previous papers [18][19][20][21][22], it was shown that robotic microplasma spraying can produce coatings on medical implants made of biocompatible titanium and hydroxyapatite materials with the desired porosity and roughness, meeting the requirements of international standards for implants for surgery in terms of coating adhesive strength [23], crystallinity and purity [24].…”
This paper presents new results of studying the influence of parameters of microplasma spraying (MPS) of Zr wire on the structure of Zr coatings. The coating experiments were accomplished in a two level fractional factorial design. Individual particles of sprayed Zr wire and their splats on the substrate were collected under various spraying parameters (amperage, spraying distance, plasma gas flow rate and wire flow rate) and evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to establish the effect of particle size and shape on the coating microstructure. The particles were characterized by measurement of their sizes and the obtained results were evaluated in terms of their degree of melting. This was compared with the experimentally observed coating microstructure type and finally correlated to the investigated coating porosity to select the specific MPS parameters of Zr coatings depositing onto medical implants from Ti alloy. It was found that the main parameters influencing the size of the sprayed Zr particles and the porosity of the Zr coatings are the plasma gas flow rate and amperage. It was demonstrated that it is possible to control the porosity of Zr microplasma coatings in the range from 2.8% to 20.3% by changing the parameters of the MPS. The parameters of microplasma spraying of Zr wire were established to obtain medical implant coatings with porosity up to 20.3% and pore size up to 300 μm.
Robotically assisted painting is widely used for spray and dip applications. However, use of robots for coating substrates using a roller applicator has not been systematically investigated. We showed for the first time, a generic robot arm-supported approach to painting engineering substrates using a roller with a constant force at an accurate joint step, while retaining compliance and thus safety. We optimized the robot design such that it is able to coat the substrate using a roller with a performance equivalent to that of a human applicator. To achieve this, we optimized the force, frequency of adjustment, and position control parameters of robotic design. A framework for autonomous coating is available at https://github.com/duyayun/Vision-and-force-control-automonous-painting-with-rollers; users are only required to provide the boundary coordinates of surfaces to be coated. We found that robotically- and human-painted panels showed similar trends in dry film thickness, coating hardness, flexibility, impact resistance, and microscopic properties. Color profile analysis of the coated panels showed non-significant difference in color scheme and is acceptable for architectural paints. Overall, this work shows the potential of robot-assisted coating strategy using roller applicator. This could be a viable option for hazardous area coating, high-altitude architectural paints, germs sanitization, and accelerated household applications.
Herein, we analyzed the morphology of atmospheric plasma-sprayed (APS) coating on medical 316L stainless steel and its influence on the physical and electrochemical properties of implant application. Five types of coatings were examined: hydroxyapatite (HAp), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), Ti/HAp and Zr/HAp. The base properties of the coatings were analyzed via chemical and phase composition, surface topography, surface wettability and in particular the corrosion resistance in Ringer solution in immersed conditions and potentiodynamic test, and EIS analysis. APS coating of pure HAp on 316L stainless steel showed poor cohesive bonding to the substrate material, whereas the application of Ti and Zr interlayer prior to HAp deposition improved surface morphology and coating properties. The beneficial effect of Ti and Zr interlayer under HAp layer on binding was demonstrated. HAp containing coatings (HAp, Ti/HAp and Zr/HAp) show Ca/P ratio greater than 1.8, which may positively influence the differentiation of osteogenic cells and good adhesion to bones. Among the studied materials, the composite coatings with Zr or Zr/HAp showed favorable physicochemical properties and the highest corrosion resistance in Ringer solution.
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