Manufacture of ceramics with high mechanical properties from red mud and granite waste

Gonzalez-Triviño, I.; Pascual‐Cosp, José; Moreno, B.; Benítez‐Guerrero, Mónica

doi:10.3989/mc.2019.03818

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The activity concentrations observed for the reference OPC were equivalent to the values reported in the literature [56]. Although the 226 Ra concentrations in the FA were higher than the worldwide and European mean values for building materials [57,58], they were consistent with other earlier findings [13,26]. Those values infer that the FA used was sourced from lignite, a type of coal characterised by a high percentage of organic matter [22,59].…”

Section: Legendsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Such adverse effects have driven the study and use of industrial waste and by-products from widely varying industries for cement and concrete manufacture. The aims of such practice include achieving the sustainability goals set out in the UN's Agenda 2030 and implementing the guidelines for what is known in the EU as the circular economy [9,10], i.e., to favour more sustainable construction [4,8,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16]. Some of the industrial waste and by-products apt for cement and concrete manufacture are members of the family of so-called NORMs (naturally occurring radioactive materials).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Approach for the Determination of Radiological Parameters on Hardened Cement Pastes with Coal Fly Ash

et al. 2021

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Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in industrial waste and by-products are routinely used to mitigate the adverse environmental effects of, and lower the energy consumption associated with, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) manufacture. Many such SCMs, such as type F coal fly ash (FA), are naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs). 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclide activity concentration, information needed to determine what is known as the gamma-ray activity concentration index (ACI), is normally collected from ground cement samples. The present study aims to validate a new method for calculating the ACI from measurements made on unground 5 cm cubic specimens. Mechanical, mineralogical and radiological characterisation of 28-day OPC + FA pastes (bearing up to 30 wt % FA) were characterised to determine their mechanical, mineralogical and radiological properties. The activity concentrations found for 226Ra, 212Pb, 232Th and 40K in hardened, intact 5 cm cubic specimens were also statistically equal to the theoretically calculated values and to the same materials when ground to a powder. These findings consequently validated the new method. The possibility of determining the activity concentrations needed to establish the ACI for cement-based materials on unground samples introduces a new field of radiological research on actual cement, mortar and concrete materials.

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Section: Legendsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach for the Determination of Radiological Parameters on Hardened Cement Pastes with Coal Fly Ash

et al. 2021

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“…The ratio is dependent on many factors, such as availability, release of pollutants, shrinkages, porous, plasticity, and the mechanical strength of the desired final product. Several research studies have been carried out in the last decades on creating new types of bricks using additives, often consisting of residual urban and industrial materials [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In the current study, three (3) different categories of solid waste units were used for a total number of eight (8) different additives with a main scope to reduce the environmental impact such as storing these materials to storage areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Recovery of Solid Waste Units as Substitutes for Raw Materials in Clay Bricks

Makrygiannis¹,

Tsetsekou²

2022

Recycling

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The advent of new materials and technologies in building materials has changed the way of building. New lighter materials with easier application methods and improved mechanical behaviors, have become necessary for the market. Moreover, the new environmental policy (2022) aims to transform the waste management into sustainable materials management to ensure the long-term protection and improvement of the environment. For the brick and tile industry, raw materials and the additives that compose the product mixture seem to be a key factor in this direction. Furthermore, every product type (solid or perforated brick) requires different additives to achieve the properties that are postulated by the international standards. For the study, the wide range of additives that were used have been assorted into three (3) categories: the inert materials, the lightweight materials, and the industrial remains. Totally, eight (8) different materials were used as additives into ceramic mass, in different proportions each time. Almost all additives used for this research were pore-forming agents. These burn out almost completely before reaching the full-fire temperature, and do not change the fired body. As a result of additives burnt out, the necessary pore volume is formed in the fired brick body, which, if combined with an appropriate percentage of voids, result in raw density readings. The pore structure is significant as long as the ultimate strength of lightweight bricks is acceptable. In this study, additives between 3 and 25% by weight were added to the clay mixture. The extrusion of specimens in solid form was carried out using the Laboratory’s vacuum press. Firstly, the extrusion of specimens from the original raw material was implemented. Secondly, it was made on the material mixed with the additives mentioned above. A series of experimental activities were followed to determine the variations of the mechanical and physical properties as well as their production procedures (extrusion, drying, and firing). According to five (5) key properties measured in the current study and compared with the mixture without additives, it was found that the variation in thermal conductivity improvement is between -11% and 19%. The bending strength of the fired products showed a decrease from 16% to 55% except for the addition of bauxite residue, which increased the strength by 8%. Bigot drying sensitivity decreased from 11% to 27%. The density in two cases increased from 2% to 7% while in the majority the mixtures with the additives showed a decrease in density from 1% to 14%. Finally, the addition of the necessary water for shaping during extrusion showed a variation from a 10% decreased to a 14% increased water.

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“…Thus, an artificial arenite was developed from different particle size fractions of the sandstone industry waste mixed with an unsaturated polyester resin [37]. Finally, as one of the potential recovery options, the manufacture of ceramic materials has been satisfactorily evaluated [38][39][40].The studies conducted to incorporate mine tailings into mullite-based ceramic materials are described hereafter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mullite-Based Ceramics from Mining Waste: A Review

et al. 2021

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Mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) is an aluminosilicate characterized by excellent physical properties, which makes it an important ceramic material. In this way, ceramics based on mullite find applications in different technological fields as refractory material (metallurgy, glass, ceramics, etc.), matrix in composite materials for high temperature applications, substrate in multilayer packaging, protective coatings, components of turbine engines, windows transparent to infrared radiation, etc. However, mullite is scarce in nature so it has to be manufactured through different synthesis methods, such as sintering, melting-crystallization or through a sol-gel route. Commonly, mullite is fabricated from pure technical grade raw materials, making the manufacturing process expensive. An alternative to lowering the cost is the use of mining waste as silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) feedstock, which are the necessary chemical compounds required to manufacture mullite ceramics. In addition to the economic benefits, the use of mining waste brings out environmental benefits as it prevents the over-exploitation of natural resources and reduces the volume of mining waste that needs to be managed. This article reviews the scientific studies carried out in order to use waste (steriles and tailings) generated in mining activities for the manufacture of clay-based ceramic materials containing mullite as a main crystalline phase.

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Manufacture of ceramics with high mechanical properties from red mud and granite waste

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

New Approach for the Determination of Radiological Parameters on Hardened Cement Pastes with Coal Fly Ash

New Approach for the Determination of Radiological Parameters on Hardened Cement Pastes with Coal Fly Ash

Efficient Recovery of Solid Waste Units as Substitutes for Raw Materials in Clay Bricks

Mullite-Based Ceramics from Mining Waste: A Review

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