Manual of Physico-Chemical Analysis of Aquatic Sediments

Mudroch, A.; Azcue, José M.; Mudroch, Paul

doi:10.1201/9780203748176

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Sediments were separated into 5 different size factions; >5000 μm (coarse gravel), 5000–1000 μm (gravel), 1000–250 μm (sand), 250–0.63 μm (fine sand), and < 0.63 μm (fine silts and clays) after methods of Mudroch et al [ 28 ]. The different size fractions were dried and converted to percent sediment composition on a dry weight basis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abundance and distribution of microplastics within surface sediments of a key shellfish growing region of Canada

Kazmiruk

Bendell

2018

PLoS ONE

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The abundance and distribution of microplastics within 5 sediment size classes (>5000 μm, 1000–5000 μm, 250–1000 μm, 250–0.63 μm and < 0.63 μm) were determined for 16 sites within Lambert Channel and Baynes Sound, British Columbia, Canada. This region is Canada’s premier growing area for the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Microplastics were found at all sampling locations indicating widespread contamination of this region with these particles. Three types of microplastics were recovered: microbeads, which occurred in the greatest number (up to 25000/kg dry sediment) and microfibers and microfragments, which were much less in number compared with microbeads and occurred in similar amounts (100–300/kg dry sediment). Microbeads were recovered primarily in the < 0.63 μm and 250–0.63 μm sediment size class, whereas microfragments and microfibers were generally identified in all 5 sediment size classes. Abundance and distribution of the three types of microplastics were spatially dependent with principal component analysis (PCA) indicating that 84 percent of the variation in abundance and distribution was due to the presence of high numbers of microbeads at three locations within the study region. At these sites, microbeads expressed as a percent component of the sediment by weight was similar to key geochemical components that govern trace metal behavior and availability to benthic organisms. Microbeads have been shown to accumulate metals from the aquatic environment, hence in addition to the traditional geochemical components such as silt and organic matter, microplastics also need to be considered as a sediment component that can influence trace metal geochemistry. Our findings have shown that BC’s premier oyster growing region is highly contaminated with microplastics, notably microbeads. It would be prudent to assess the degree to which oysters from this region are ingesting microplastics. If so, it would have direct implications for Canada’s oyster farming industry with respect to the health of the oyster and the quality of product that is being farmed and sets an example for other shellfish growing regions of the world.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Percent sediment organic matter was determined by "loss-on-ignition" (LOI) [ 28 ]. Dried sediment subsamples of 1.0 g– 2.0 g were ignited at 400°C–440°C (to avoid the destruction of any inorganic carbonates in the sediments) for 5–10 hrs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and distribution of microplastics within surface sediments of a key shellfish growing region of Canada

Kazmiruk

Bendell

2018

PLoS ONE

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“…The analysis compares the measured values with the expected theoretical values. This analyzer allows the measure of particles between 0.04 and 2500 μm by the diffraction pattern, using Fraunhofer or Mie theory 15 – 18 (Fig. 4 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isovolemic Degradation of Polycaprolactone Particles and Calculation of Their Original Size from Human Biopsy

Kim

2020

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: Polycaprolactone (PCL) implants show isovolemic degradation during phase-1 degradation; they maintain their volume as their molecular weight decreases. Phase-2 begins with PLC volume being reduced by bulk degradation with autocatalysis. Isovolemic degradation of PCL particles during phase 1 and their longevity should be established in humans. PCL particle size can be mathematically calculated through cross-sectioned PCL particles in biopsy slides. Methods: Biopsy specimens were obtained from humans after giving them a subdermal injection for 4 years to measure cross-section diameters of PCL particles. In all (160) biopsy slides, all cross-sections of PCL particles were measured in size in microscopic photographs, and the real size of PCL particles was calculated through Equation of a circle (Equation circle ) and mean value theorem for integrals (Integral Theorem ). Diameters of Ellansé particles were measured with particle size analyzer. Results: On average, the calculated PCL particle size using Integral Theorem was 42.83 (immediately), then 43.18(1), 42.62(2), 40.90(3), and 34.46 µm(4 years), respectively. These results were similar to the diameters calculated using the Equation circle . PCL size remained unchanged until 3 years, which began to decrease from the fourth year, making the transition point in between. In particle size analyzer, the mean diameter was 42.42 µm. Conclusions: PCL particle size was mathematically calculated for 4 years in an in vivo biopsy study. Until 3 years after the injection, PCL particle diameter remained at 95.47% and showed phase-1 isovolemic degradation. From 4 years after the injection, particles decreased in size, showing phase-2 bulk degradation. PCL particles were smooth and circular for 3 years, and from the fourth year, the surface became very rough. The Ellansé-M longevity was longer than 4 years.

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“…In the beginning, the absence of adequate methods and equipment was a limiting factor for its systematic study, which only became effective after the invention of dredgers and profile collectors. Historically, sediment investigations for limnological purposes only began in 19 th century in order to better understand the matter and energy flows in aquatic ecosystems (Mudroch et al, 1996). The first study involving aquatic sediments date back to the 1862.…”

Section: Aquatic Sediments: a Brief Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sediments in the carbon and pollutant cycles in aquatic ecosystems

et al. 2019

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Aim Anthropogenic modifications in the landscape are accelerating biogeochemical cycles and causing unbalances in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with still unknow impacts on biotic and abiotic processes. Therefore, there has been increasing scientific interest in the links between human activities and ecosystems functions. Methods Here we review the role of aquatic sediments in the carbon and pollutant cycle. Results We briefly explore the historical context, origin, and composition of the sediments, as well as the factors that influence the processes of carbon and contaminants cycling and the role of sediments in the greenhouse gases emissions in aquatic ecosystems. Conclusions Aquatic sediments can help to understand the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem changes, once they are good sentinels, reflecting key biogeochemical processes over time.

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Manual of Physico-Chemical Analysis of Aquatic Sediments

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Abundance and distribution of microplastics within surface sediments of a key shellfish growing region of Canada

Abundance and distribution of microplastics within surface sediments of a key shellfish growing region of Canada

Isovolemic Degradation of Polycaprolactone Particles and Calculation of Their Original Size from Human Biopsy

The role of sediments in the carbon and pollutant cycles in aquatic ecosystems

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