Manual for the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS)

Chouinard, Guy; Margolese, Howard C.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.02.013

Cited by 396 publications

(275 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS; Chouinard & Margolese, 2005) is a standardized clinical measure developed to assess drug-induced movement disorders in schizophrenia. In the current study, EPS were measured along three subscales: parkinsonism, dystonia, and dyskinetic movements.…”

Section: Extrapyramidal Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural brain markers are differentially associated with neurocognitive profiles in socially marginalized people with multimorbid illness.

et al. 2017

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Homeless and marginally housed individuals constitute a socially impoverished population characterized by high rates of multimorbid illness that includes polysubstance use, viral infection, and psychiatric illness. Their extensive exposure to risk factors is associated with numerous poor outcomes, yet little is known about structural brain integrity and its association with neurocognition in this population. In Study 1, we conducted a cluster analysis to re-construct three previously derived subgroups with distinct neurocognitive profiles in a large sample of socially marginalized persons (N = 299). Cluster 1 (n = 87) was characterized as highest functioning overall, whereas Cluster 3 (n = 103) was the lowest functioning neurocognitively, with a relative strength in decision-making. Cluster 2 (n = 109) fell intermediate to the other subgroups, with a relative weakness in decision-making. Next, we examined the association between complementary fronto-temporal cortical brain measures (gyrification, cortical thickness) and neurocognitive profiles using multinomial logistic regression. Chi-square tests and ANOVAs differentiated subgroups on proxy measures of neurodevelopment and acquired brain insult/risk exposure. We found that greater frontal and temporal gyrification and more proxies of aberrant neurodevelopment were associated with Cluster 3 (lowest functioning subgroup). Further, age moderated the association between orbitofrontal cortical thickness and neurocognition, with positive associations in older adults, and negative associations in younger adults. Finally, greater acquired brain insult/risk exposure was associated with the cluster characterized by selective decisionmaking impairment (Cluster 2), and the higher functioning cluster (Cluster 1). In Study 2, we examined the association between white matter integrity and neurocognitive profiles using multinomial logistic regression and Tract-based Spatial Statistics. We found significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA), with corresponding increased axial and radial diffusivity (AD, RD) in widespread and bilateral brain regions of Cluster 3.Differences in RD were more prominent compared to AD. Altogether, our findings highlight the unique pathways to neurocognitive impairment in a heterogeneous population and help to clarify the vulnerabilities confronted by different subgroups.

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Section: Extrapyramidal Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural brain markers are differentially associated with neurocognitive profiles in socially marginalized people with multimorbid illness.

et al. 2017

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“…The hierarchy for responder rates was 50% or more reduction from baseline on the PANSS/BPRS or better; or a Clinical Global Impression 10 of much improved in so far as available; followed by the authors' definitions, which were usually at least 20 or 30% PANSS/BPRS reduction. Adverse effect outcomes were based on use of antiparkinson medication, mean EPS score (Simpson Angus Scale (SAS 11 ), Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS 12 )), dropouts due to adverse events and sedation. Dropouts for any reason were analyzed as a measure of acceptability of treatment.…”

Section: Data Extraction and Outcome Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

How effective are second-generation antipsychotic drugs? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials

et al. 2008

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We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) drugs with placebo in schizophrenic patients and which considered 13 different outcome measures. Thirty-eight randomized controlled trials with 7323 participants were included. All SGA drugs were more effective than placebo, but the pooled effect size (ES) for overall symptoms (primary outcome) was moderate (À0.51). The absolute difference (RD) in responder rates was at 18% (41% responded to drug compared with 24% to placebo, number needed to treat = 6). Similar ESs were found for the other efficacy parameters: negative symptoms (ES = À0.39), positive symptoms (ES = À0.48), depression (ES = À0.26), relapse (RD 20%) and discontinuation due to inefficacy (RD 17%). Curiously, the efficacy of haloperidol for negative and depressive symptoms was similar to that of the SGA drugs. In contrast to haloperidol, there was no difference in terms of EPS between any SGA drugs and placebo, and there was also no difference in terms of dropouts due to adverse events. Meta-regression showed a decline in treatment response over time, and a funnel plot suggested the possibility of publication bias. We conclude that the drug versus placebo difference of SGA drugs and haloperidol in recent trials was moderate, and that there is much room for more efficacious compounds. Whether methodological issues account in part for the relatively low efficacy ESs and the scarcity of adverse event differences compared with placebo needs to be established.

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“…In addition, the presence and the severity of EPSs were assessed at each visit by the investigator using the ESRS. 23 A 12-lead electrocardiogram and routine biochemistry, hematology, and urinalysis were performed at baseline and at the end of treatment.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risperidone in the Treatment of Disruptive Behavioral Symptoms in Children With Autistic and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders

et al. 2004

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone for the treatment of disruptive behavioral symptoms in children with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).Methods. In this 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, risperidone/placebo solution (0.01-0.06 mg/kg/day) was administered to 79 children who were aged 5 to 12 years and had PDD. Behavioral symptoms were assessed using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form, and Clinical Global Impression-Change. Safety assessments included vital signs, electrocardiogram, extrapyramidal symptoms, adverse events, and laboratory tests.Results. Subjects who were taking risperidone (mean dosage: 0.04 mg/kg/day; 1.17 mg/day) experienced a significantly greater mean decrease on the irritability subscale of the ABC (primary endpoint) compared with those who were taking placebo. By study endpoint, risperidone-treated subjects exhibited a 64% improvement over baseline in the irritability score almost double that of placebo-treated subjects (31%). Risperidone-treated subjects also exhibited significantly greater decreases on the other 4 subscales of the ABC; on the conduct problem, insecure/anxious, hyperactive, and overly sensitive subscales of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (parent version); and on the Visual Analog Scale of the most troublesome symptom. More risperidone-treated subjects (87%) showed global improvement in their condition compared with the placebo group (40%). Somnolence, the most frequently reported adverse event, was noted in 72.5% versus 7.7% of subjects (risperidone vs placebo) and seemed manageable with dose/dose-schedule modification. Risperidone-treated subjects experienced statistically significantly greater increases in weight (2.7 vs 1.0 kg), pulse rate, and systolic blood pressure. Extrapyramidal symptoms scores were comparable between groups.Conclusions. Risperidone was well tolerated and efficacious in treating behavioral symptoms associated with PDD in children. Pediatrics 2004;114:e634-e641. URL: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2003-0264-F; autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorders, risperidone.ABBREVIATIONS. PDD, pervasive developmental disorders; EPS, extrapyramidal symptom; CARS, Childhood Autism Rating Scale; ESRS, Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale; ABC, Aberrant Behavior Checklist; N-CBRF, Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form; VAS, Visual Analog Scale; CGI-C, Clinical Global Impression-Change; ITT, intention-to-treat; RUPP, Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology. T he pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are a group of neuropsychiatric disorders that include autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett's disorder, and PDD not otherwise specified. 1 These disorders are characterized by atypical development in social, communicative, and behavior areas. Onset typically occurs within the first years of life. Prevalence rates as high as 63 per 10 000 children have recently been ...

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Manual for the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS)

Cited by 396 publications

References 28 publications

Structural brain markers are differentially associated with neurocognitive profiles in socially marginalized people with multimorbid illness.

Structural brain markers are differentially associated with neurocognitive profiles in socially marginalized people with multimorbid illness.

How effective are second-generation antipsychotic drugs? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials

Risperidone in the Treatment of Disruptive Behavioral Symptoms in Children With Autistic and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders

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