Manual and Automatic Measurements of Sunshine Duration in Cassubian Lakeland (Northern Poland)

Owczarek, Małgorzata; Malinowska, Mirosława

doi:10.3390/atmos14020244

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Generally, the Kipp & Zonen sunshine duration records were higher than CS, with differences ranging from 2% to 17%. Similar results were obtained by Owczarek and Malinowska [22] at a station in northern Poland. The higher CSD3 daily SD values compared to CS were attributed to the higher sensitivity threshold required by the CS devices.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Details about the history of replacing the CS recorders with automatic sensors in various countries can be found in Baumgartner et al [11], Matuszko [12], Stanhill [20], Sanchez-Romero et al [21] and Owczarek and Malinowska [22]. One of the advantages of automatic measurements is that they do not require the daily involvement of personnel to replace the card every day and to read it out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Sunshine Duration Measurements between the Campbell–Stokes Sunshine Recorder and Three Automatic Sensors at Three Locations in Cyprus

Pashiardis,

Pelengaris,

Kalogirou

2023

Applied Sciences

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This paper compares the daily sunshine duration (SD) measured by the Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder (CS) with three automatic instruments (Kipp & Zonen pyranometers (CM6 B), pyrheliometer (CHP1) and CSD3 sunshine recorders). The comparisons are essential, since recently, automatic sunshine duration sensors have been replacing the manual measurements, affecting, therefore, the continuity of the CS time series. The comparisons were applied to the daily SD data of three synoptic stations (Larnaca A/P, Pafos A/P and Athalassa) where parallel measurements of manual and automatic instruments are carried out during the periods 2009–2012 and 2012–2015. The CSD3 measurements were obtained from two automatic weather stations (AWSs) which are close to the synoptic station of Larnaca A/P. The comparisons referred to the daily and monthly sums of sunshine duration, as well as to their statistical distributions and their relationships. The daily differences in the pairs of sunshine recorders installed at the same location are mostly within the range of −1.0 to +1.0 h. At Larnaca, in the period 2009–2012, the pyranometric method’s (Gl) values were higher than the CS in the summer months. Pafos and Athalassa showed higher values of CS compared to Gl and the pyrheliometric method (Pr), respectively, almost throughout the year. Generally, the annual average daily differences between the different pairs range between 0.3 and 0.5 h. Regression equations were determined allowing the estimation of daily SD under different sky conditions. The coefficient of determination (R2) reached the values of 0.91 and 0.96 under ‘all sky’ conditions, and between 0.80 and 0.91 under ‘clear’ sky conditions at the three locations.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Sunshine Duration Measurements between the Campbell–Stokes Sunshine Recorder and Three Automatic Sensors at Three Locations in Cyprus

Pashiardis,

Pelengaris,

Kalogirou

2023

Applied Sciences

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“…Same procedure was repeated consecutively over a 7 days period to generate seven replicate values. Sunlight duration was monitored in-situ using Campbell stokes for seven (7) days consecutively according to the methods of Owczarek and Malinowska (2023). The mean from the seven determinations was recorded against each habitat as its sunlight duration.…”

Section: Determination Of Environmental Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating habitat dynamism with foliar anatomical modulations: A study with <i>Phymatosorus scolopendria </i>(Burm. F.) ching

Mbong,

Ivon,

Idio

et al. 2023

wojast

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There is a dearth in ecological details on Cryptogamia when compared to available literature on higher plants. Hence, we investigated the extent of variation in altitude, light intensity and sunlight duration existing in four contrasting habitats dominated by Phymatosorus scolopendria in relation to fern foliar anatomical dynamics using standard anatomical procedures and ecological protocol. The species consistently possessed diacytic and anisocytic stomata across the habitats whereas anomocytic stomata were also found in the shrub epiphytes. Similarly, unicellular trichomes were consistently present in epiphytic plant forms while oil droplets were consistent throughout except in the tree epiphytes. Also, the stomatal index and number of stomata differed significantly (P<0.05) and were highest in the epiphytes growing on the tree barks (17.337±3.00; 14.33±1.154) but least in the erect forms (12.875±1.10; 8.67±0.577) respectively. The lithophytes recorded highest number of epidermal cells (76.67±15.280) whereas the erect forms recorded the least (46.33±4.041). Altitude varied between 8.23 to 10.36 m; light intensity ranged between 1045 to 13088 lux while sunlight duration ranged from 2 to 8 hours/day. Correlation analysis revealed significant (P<0.05 and P<0.01) coefficients. Specifically, altitude indicated strong positive association with light intensity (r= 0.987* ) and sunlight duration (r= 0.990**) while light intensity correlated strongly with sunlight duration (r= 0.958). The stomatal types were strongly associated with altitude (r=0.679), light intensity (r= 0.769) and sunlight duration (0.570) while stomatal index correlated inversely with altitude (r= - 0.505) and sunlight duration (r= - 0.553). Implicitly, shady habitats with short durations of low light intensity induced higher stomatal development and density while prolonged sunlight duration and increasing light intensity retained low stomatal density in this plant. This pattern indicates a close association between species anatomical progression in relation to prevailing environmental conditions. This information reveals aspects of plant survival mechanism in different environmental scenarios and may aid future conservation efforts.

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Comparison of sunshine duration measurements between the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder and three automatic sensors at three locations in Cyprus.

Pashiardis,

PELENGARIS,

KALOGIROU

2023

Preprint

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The purpose of this paper is to compare daily sunshine duration (SD) measured by Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder (CS) with three automatic instruments (Kipp & Zonen pyranometers (CM6B), pyrheliometer (CHP1) and CSD3 sunshine recorders). The comparisons are essential, since in recent decades automatic sunshine duration sensors have been systematically replacing the manual measurements affecting therefore the continuity of the CS time series. The comparisons were applied to the daily SD data of three synoptic stations (Larnaca A/P, Pafos A/P and Athalassa) where parallel measurements of manual and automatic instruments are carried out during the periods 2009-2012 and 2012-2015. The CSD3 measurements were obtained from two automatic weather stations (AWS) (Mennogia and Pentakomo) which are closed to the synoptic station of Larnaca A/P. The comparisons cover the daily and monthly sums, their statistical distributions and their relationships. The daily differences of the pairs of the sunshine recorders installed at the same location are mostly within the range of -1.0 to +1.0 h. At Larnaca, in the period 2009-2012, the pyranometric method (Gl) is higher than the CS in the summer months, while during the winter months it is lower than CS. Pafos and Athalassa showed higher values of CS comparing to Gl and the pyrheliometric method (Pr), respectively, almost throughout the year. Generally, the annual average daily differences between the different pairs range between 0.3 and 0.5 h. Regression equations were determined allowing the estimation of daily SD under different sky conditions. The closest relations between different pairs were obtained in ‘clear sky’ and ‘all sky’ conditions, as it is indicated by the high coefficient of determinations. R2 reached the values of 0.92 and 0.96 under ‘all sky’ conditions, and between 0.80 and 0.91 under ‘clear’ sky conditions, respectively. An increase in cloud cover causes an increase in the SD differences recorded by the relevant devices. Comparing statistically the different pairs using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test which is the alternative to the Two Sample T parametric test, it was found that the medians are not statistically different. However, significant differences were only detected in the case of the pair of CS and Pr at Athalassa (2012-2015) using both tests. In the rest of the cases the differences are not statistically significant at the 5% level.

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Manual and Automatic Measurements of Sunshine Duration in Cassubian Lakeland (Northern Poland)

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of Sunshine Duration Measurements between the Campbell–Stokes Sunshine Recorder and Three Automatic Sensors at Three Locations in Cyprus

Comparison of Sunshine Duration Measurements between the Campbell–Stokes Sunshine Recorder and Three Automatic Sensors at Three Locations in Cyprus

Correlating habitat dynamism with foliar anatomical modulations: A study with <i>Phymatosorus scolopendria </i>(Burm. F.) ching

Comparison of sunshine duration measurements between the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder and three automatic sensors at three locations in Cyprus.

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