Mantle xenolith-xenocryst-bearing monogenetic alkali basaltic lava field from Kutch Basin, Gujarat, Western India: Estimation of magma ascent rate

Ray, Arijit; Hatui, Kalyanbrata; Paul, D. K.; Sen, Gautam; Biswas, Sanjib; Das, Brindaban

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.01.015

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In particular, ascending velocities are increased by a factor ~2 and 10 at depths corresponding to ~4 and 1 km, respectively. The obtained magma ascent velocities are in agreement with estimates (velocity in the range 0.1–25 m s −1 ) provided for natural systems 48 – 54 . As an example, Lloyd et al 50 suggested rising velocities up to ~20 m s −1 for Volcán de Fuego eruption occurred on October 17, 1974, based on multi-volatile profiles obtained from olivine-hosted melt embayments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Timescales of water accumulation in magmas and implications for short warning times of explosive eruptions

Petrelli

Omari²,

Spina

et al. 2018

Nat Commun

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Water plays a key role in magma genesis, differentiation, ascent and, finally, eruption. Despite the recognized crucial function of water, there are still several issues that continue to blur our view about its role in magmatic systems. What are the timescales of H2O accumulation in crystallizing magmas? What are the ascent rates of water-rich residual melts leading to explosive eruptions? Here, we track the timescale of water accumulation in a residual melt resulting from crystallization of a hydrous CO2-bearing magmatic mass stored at mid- to deep-crustal levels in a subduction-related geodynamic setting. Our results indicate that, after a repose period ranging from few to several thousand years, water-rich melts with water concentrations larger than 6–9 wt.% can migrate towards the Earth surface in very short timescales, on the order of days or even hours, possibly triggering explosive eruptions with short warning times and devoid of long-term geophysical precursors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Timescales of water accumulation in magmas and implications for short warning times of explosive eruptions

Petrelli

Omari²,

Spina

et al. 2018

Nat Commun

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“…The typical magma reservoirs feeding these eruptions are expected to be either medium‐sized ellipsoidal bodies or small but vertically elongated magma bodies. In some cases, the erupted melts ascend through the crust rapidly enough to carry mantle and lower crustal xenoliths (e.g., Ray et al., 2016; alkali basaltic lava flows and dikes in Kutch subprovince). Additionally, the pre‐existing crustal tectonic structure, such as old faults and shear zones, serve as important controls on the melt transport, volatile degassing, and the location of eruptions (e.g., Latyshev et al., 2018) Siberian Traps, and Section 5 (Paper I) for Deccan Traps observations.…”

Section: New Conceptual Model For Cfb Magmatic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Magmatic Architecture of Continental Flood Basalts: 2. A New Conceptual Model

Mittal

Richards

2021

JGR Solid Earth

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Continental flood basalts intruded and erupted millions of km3 of magma over ∼1–5 Ma. Previous work proposed the presence of large (>105 $ > {\mathrm{10}}^{5}$–106 km3) crustal magma reservoirs to feed these eruptions. However, in Paper I, we illustrated that this model is inconsistent with observations, by combining eruptive rate constraints with geochemical and geophysical observations from the Deccan Traps and other Continental flood basalt provinces (CFBs). Here, we use a new mechanical magma reservoir model to calculate the variation of eruptive fluxes (km3/year) and volumes for different magmatic architectures. We find that a single magma reservoir cannot explain the eruptive rate and duration constraints for CFBs. Using a 1D thermal model and characteristic timescales for magma reservoirs, we conclude that CFB eruptions were likely fed by a number of interconnected small‐medium (∼102–103 km3) magma reservoirs. It is unlikely that each individual magma reservoir participated in every eruption, thus permitting the occasional formation of large xenocrysts (e.g., megacrystic plagioclase). This magmatic architecture permits (a) large volume eruptive episodes with 10–100s of years duration, and (b) relatively short time‐periods separating eruptive episodes (1000s of years) since multiple mechanisms can trigger eruptions (via magma recharge or volatile exsolution, as opposed to long term (105–106 year) accumulation of buoyancy overpressure), and (c) lack of large upper‐crustal intrusive bodies in various geophysical datasets. Our new proposed magmatic architecture has significant implications for the tempo of CFB volatile release (CO2 and SO2), potentially helping explain the pre‐K‐Pg warming associated with Deccan Traps.

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“…For example, intracrystal elemental diffusion modelling on crystal cargoes (Costa and Morgan, 2011;Girona and Costa, 2013;Kahl et al, 2015) is a powerful tool to estimate the timescales of magma residence and ascent of alkaline basalts (Albert et al, 2015;Demouchy et al, 2006). Timescales of ascent from the last storage site within the upper mantle/lower crust for monogenetic basalts is generally estimated to be on the order of few hours to days or weeks depending on the method applied (Jankovics et al, 2013;Ray et al, 2016). A word of caution is warranted here regarding the technique used.…”

Section: Ti and Al Represent Atoms Per Formula Unit (Considering 6 O) Pannonian Basin Data Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of Intraplate Monogenetic Alkaline Basaltic Magmatism

Brenna

Ubide

Nichols

et al. 2021

Geophysical Monograph Series

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Intraplate basaltic systems, often occurring as fields of small monogenetic volcanoes, are dominated by eruption of alkaline basaltic rocks, ranging from nephelinite/basanite to transitional/subalkaline. Their generally primitive erupted compositions imply limited crustal modification, and hence they provide an important probe into deep, lithospheric mantle and partial melting processes. Partial melting and magmatic ascent processes can be investigated using the composition of crystals, glass and wholerock, although a combination of these is preferable. The whole-rock chemical variability within single eruptions or over the temporal and spatial extent of a volcanic field is controlled by the characteristics of the primary melting source, as well as near source percolative/reaction processes. Coupled crystaland -whole-rock detailed investigations are most promising to constrain the processes that modify primary melts into the primitive magmas that accumulate before ascent. Complex crystal textures and chemistry have so far demonstrated that basaltic magmas are principally processed and modified within the lithospheric mantle with minor modification en-route through the crust. Fractional crystallization and magma mixing modify melts throughout ascent, and can imprint secondary chemical intra-eruptive variability. Quantifiable temperature and pressure parameters based on crystalmelt compositions constrain the depth of formation, and hence provide information about the role of different mineral phases in deep versus shallow chemical evolution. Volatile components in the melt (e.g. H2O and CO2) can be quantified on glass and melt inclusions. These analyses, coupled with solubility models, may help to reconstruct initial dissolved volatile content to further constrain the source characteristics and magmatic ascent dynamics. Integrated studies of crystals and melt paint a picture of extended lithospheric mantle to minor crustal processing resulting from the complex deep plumbing of monogenetic basaltic systems. This highlights the need for improved resolution to characterize true primary signatures and hence elucidate the formation of intraplate alkaline basalts.

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Mantle xenolith-xenocryst-bearing monogenetic alkali basaltic lava field from Kutch Basin, Gujarat, Western India: Estimation of magma ascent rate

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Timescales of water accumulation in magmas and implications for short warning times of explosive eruptions

Timescales of water accumulation in magmas and implications for short warning times of explosive eruptions

The Magmatic Architecture of Continental Flood Basalts: 2. A New Conceptual Model

Anatomy of Intraplate Monogenetic Alkaline Basaltic Magmatism

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