“…In fish, multiple CTLs are identified and their roles in immunity have been characterized. Some of these CTLs are located on the cell membrane: for instance, mannose receptor on macrophages of Megalobrama amblycephala mediates phagocytosis of bacteria in a Ca 2+ ‐dependent manner (Liu et al., 2014; Zhao et al., 2015); a hepatic lectin of zebrafish participates in immune defence by binding to a wide range of bacteria (Yang et al., 2018); and a C‐type lectin domain family 4 member (CTL4) from black rockfish promotes bactericidal activity but facilitates virus escape (Xue, Guang‐Hua, Yan‐Li, Min, & Yong‐Hua, 2018). The functions of secreted CTLs in fish immunity are more frequently reported: for instance, in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella and Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus , mannose‐binding lectins activate the complement system, possess bacterial agglutinating activity and defend against the bacterial pathogen (Liu & Dang, 2020); in spotted knifejaw Oplegnathus punctatus , a CTL exhibits antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities (Liu et al., 2019); and in O. niloticus , a CTL (CL11X1‐like) possesses opsonization ability against bacterial pathogens (Mu et al., 2018).…”